CAJ | 학술논문

东北地区是我国重要的商品粮基地，同时也是鼠害严重发生地区。明确当地鼠害特点，制定有效防治措施，对保证我国粮食安全具有重要战略意义。东北地区水稻规模化种植较晚，对稻田鼠害研究也较少。本研究针对稻田鼠害种类不清、密度难定的问题，在水稻收割晾晒期内采用“翻稻垛尽捕法”和“夹捕法”调查鼠种组成与密度，并估算稻谷损失率。结果表明，尽捕法可捕获5种害鼠，稻垛鼠密度为197～310只／hm2；夹捕法只能捕到3种害鼠，小型鼠缺失；产量损失估算稻谷损失率约为0．13％～0．52％，折合每公顷损失约7．8～31．2 kg。结果表明，两种调查方法可以反映出不同害鼠的空间分布格局差异，将两种方法结合可获取更多的鼠害信息；如果适当缩短水稻晾晒期可有效减少害鼠对稻谷的为害。
동북지구시아국중요적상품량기지，동시야시서해엄중발생지구。명학당지서해특점，제정유효방치조시，대보증아국양식안전구유중요전략의의。동북지구수도규모화충식교만，대도전서해연구야교소。본연구침대도전서해충류불청、밀도난정적문제，재수도수할량쇄기내채용“번도타진포법”화“협포법”조사서충조성여밀도，병고산도곡손실솔。결과표명，진포법가포획5충해서，도타서밀도위197～310지／hm2；협포법지능포도3충해서，소형서결실；산량손실고산도곡손실솔약위0．13％～0．52％，절합매공경손실약7．8～31．2 kg。결과표명，량충조사방법가이반영출불동해서적공간분포격국차이，장량충방법결합가획취경다적서해신식；여과괄당축단수도량쇄기가유효감소해서대도곡적위해。
Northeast region is one of the important commodity grain bases in China,as well as an area damaged by rodent pests. Therefore,to clarify the features of rodent pests and to take effective prevention and control meas-ure are strategically significant for food security in China. However,because the main center of rice farming is in South China in long-term period,the study on rodent pests and their damage in rice field is ignored in Northeast China. In present study,we used“catch-all method(CAM)”and“trap method(TM)”to survey rodent species and density in rice field and evaluated the rice loss rate damaged by rodent. The results showed that five kinds of ro-dent species could be captured by CAM,but only three kinds by TM;rodent density in rice field is 1 9 7 3 1 0 per hm2 and small size rodent is lack by TM;damaged rice loss rate is from 0.13% to 0.52% ,which amounted to 7.8-31.2 kg rice per hm2 damaged by rodent in Heilongjiang. These results suggested that spatial distribution pat-terns are species-specific in rice field and more details could be obtained using both methods;shortened drying pe-riod could be effective in reducing rice loss by rodent.