世界中医药
世界中醫藥
세계중의약
WORLD CHINESE MEDICINE
2014年
11期
1463-1470
,共8页
模式识别%问卷调查%问题表征%认知心理学%中医辨证
模式識彆%問捲調查%問題錶徵%認知心理學%中醫辨證
모식식별%문권조사%문제표정%인지심이학%중의변증
Pattern Recognition%Questionnaire Survey%Problem Representation%Cognitive Psychology%TCM Syndrome Differentia-tion
目的：从认知心理学的角度探讨中医辨证方式的特点及其动态认知过程。揭示不同中医人员对证候表征的多样性及差异性，发现中医专家与初学者在证候表征中的异同.方法：采取认知心理学中问卷调查的方式对不同层次中医人员进行描述性研究，随机选取125人填写问卷，并将样本分组进行描述性统计及卡方检验。运用相应认知心理学及认知语言学的知识对结果进行分析。结果：1）人们的选择随着症状的增加在不断修正；2）较多应用八纲辨证、六经辨证和脏腑辨证；3）专家更关注对病情有诊断意义的症状；4）一般倾向于取症舍舌；5）证的主症往往才能被包含在认知图式中；6）分组卡方检验后发现共有9题具有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。结论：问题的表征是很主观化的，不同的人会有不同的认知方式，这种差异来源于之前所积累的知识与经验。人们在诊断过程中会随着病情信息的增加不断对自己的结论和假设做出修正，而收集的症状越全面对给出最恰当的诊断越有帮助。专家在诊断时给出基本属性结论的速度越快，但辨别具体的证时则相对谨慎，需要在症状全面收集后才做定论。在面对一系列症状时，专家们更愿意关注对诊断更有帮助的症状。人们对于凸显的语言或是新的信息的注意往往更多，并且会对其结论产生影响。
目的：從認知心理學的角度探討中醫辨證方式的特點及其動態認知過程。揭示不同中醫人員對證候錶徵的多樣性及差異性，髮現中醫專傢與初學者在證候錶徵中的異同.方法：採取認知心理學中問捲調查的方式對不同層次中醫人員進行描述性研究，隨機選取125人填寫問捲，併將樣本分組進行描述性統計及卡方檢驗。運用相應認知心理學及認知語言學的知識對結果進行分析。結果：1）人們的選擇隨著癥狀的增加在不斷脩正；2）較多應用八綱辨證、六經辨證和髒腑辨證；3）專傢更關註對病情有診斷意義的癥狀；4）一般傾嚮于取癥捨舌；5）證的主癥往往纔能被包含在認知圖式中；6）分組卡方檢驗後髮現共有9題具有統計學意義（P ＜0.05）。結論：問題的錶徵是很主觀化的，不同的人會有不同的認知方式，這種差異來源于之前所積纍的知識與經驗。人們在診斷過程中會隨著病情信息的增加不斷對自己的結論和假設做齣脩正，而收集的癥狀越全麵對給齣最恰噹的診斷越有幫助。專傢在診斷時給齣基本屬性結論的速度越快，但辨彆具體的證時則相對謹慎，需要在癥狀全麵收集後纔做定論。在麵對一繫列癥狀時，專傢們更願意關註對診斷更有幫助的癥狀。人們對于凸顯的語言或是新的信息的註意往往更多，併且會對其結論產生影響。
목적：종인지심이학적각도탐토중의변증방식적특점급기동태인지과정。게시불동중의인원대증후표정적다양성급차이성，발현중의전가여초학자재증후표정중적이동.방법：채취인지심이학중문권조사적방식대불동층차중의인원진행묘술성연구，수궤선취125인전사문권，병장양본분조진행묘술성통계급잡방검험。운용상응인지심이학급인지어언학적지식대결과진행분석。결과：1）인문적선택수착증상적증가재불단수정；2）교다응용팔강변증、육경변증화장부변증；3）전가경관주대병정유진단의의적증상；4）일반경향우취증사설；5）증적주증왕왕재능피포함재인지도식중；6）분조잡방검험후발현공유9제구유통계학의의（P ＜0.05）。결론：문제적표정시흔주관화적，불동적인회유불동적인지방식，저충차이래원우지전소적루적지식여경험。인문재진단과정중회수착병정신식적증가불단대자기적결론화가설주출수정，이수집적증상월전면대급출최흡당적진단월유방조。전가재진단시급출기본속성결론적속도월쾌，단변별구체적증시칙상대근신，수요재증상전면수집후재주정론。재면대일계렬증상시，전가문경원의관주대진단경유방조적증상。인문대우철현적어언혹시신적신식적주의왕왕경다，병차회대기결론산생영향。
Objective:To discuss the characteristics and the dynamic cognitive process of TCM syndrome differentiation from the per-spective of cognitive psychology.To bring to light the differences and diversities of syndrome representation among individual TCMpro-fessionals,between TCMspecialist and beginners.Methods:Questionnaire survey in cognitive psychology was used to conduct descrip-tive study on different levels of TCMprofessionals.125 subjects with different levels of TCMknowledge completed questionnaires.They were grouped in order to conduct descriptive statistics and chi-square test.Use cognitive psychology and cognitive linguistics to analyze the results.Results:1)People constantly revised their choices with the addition of the symptoms.2)The Eight Principle Pattern Identi-fication and the Differentiation of Six Channels were most widely used.3)Experts paid more attention to the diagnostic symptoms.4) Symptoms were more reference than tongue manifestation.5)The main symptoms of one pattern are more often included in the cognitive schema.6)The grouped samples has statistically significant differences (P <0.05)in 9 questions.Conclusion:Problem representation very subjective to individual TCMprofessionals,and these variations come from the accumulated knowledge and experience before.In the diagnostic process,doctors will continually amend their conclusions and assumptions with the addition of symptoms.And the more comprehensive the collection of symptoms is,the more helpful to the most accurate diagnosis.Experts draw the accurate conclusions fas-ter,but they are still relatively cautious.Actually they need to collect more comprehensive symptoms to make a conclusion.When facing with a series of symptoms,experts also tend to be more willing to focus on the symptoms which are more helpful to the diagnosis.Promi-nent words or new information are paid more attention to and will have an impact on the final conclusions.
