CAJ | 학술논문

目的：研究本地区小儿烧伤流行病学特点，了解小儿烧伤相关的临床规律、疾病发展趋势以及存在的问题。方法统计蚌埠市第三人民医院烧伤整形科2001年1月至2010年2月收治的1552例住院烧伤小儿患者资料，对小儿烧伤的致伤原因、发病时间、城市与农村烧伤患儿性别比例、男女患儿平均烧伤面积及不同时间段城市与农村男女烧伤患儿在院前急救、未完成治疗比例、受不同教育程度监护人自我救治符合率、小儿烧伤发病年龄变化趋势等进行统计分析和比较。结果热液烫伤是本地区小儿烧伤的主要原因（88.6%）。本地区小儿烧伤多发于早、晚餐及睡前洗浴时段。2001年至2003年自我救治医学常规符合率与2008年至2010年相比差异无统计学意义（P >0.05），女性患儿平均烧伤面积大于男性患儿，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。2008年至2010年未完成治疗率与2001年至2003年相比，男性患儿为24.61% vs 31.23%，女性则为45.60% vs 40.36%，统计分析显示差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）。监护人受教育程度与救治合理率无明显正相关。小儿烧伤平均年龄从2001年的平均（3.13±2.65）岁降至2010年的平均（2.10±2.16）岁。0~3岁小儿烧伤比例从2001年的69.57%增加2010年的87.85%。烧伤后期进行系统瘢痕康复治疗病例少，无统计数据。结论本地区热液是小儿烧伤最常见的原因。居民对烧伤救治知识的掌握程度滞后于社会经济的发展和受教育水平的提高，提示专业机构对烧伤防护救治常识宣传教育的不足。女性患儿可能受到一定程度的性别歧视。经济困难不能成为未完成治疗的主要原因。小儿烧伤有低龄化趋势，在低幼儿童（0~3岁）小儿烧伤可能存在基础发病率。小儿烧伤后的康复治疗严重欠缺归因于监护人对烧伤后瘢痕畸形的危害认知不足以及医疗投入的缺乏。应当把小儿烧伤作为一项社会问题来对待，将烧伤后的康复治疗（非手术性）纳入医疗保险范围，建立适合本地区特点的小儿烧伤预防宣教-临床救治-康复体系。目的：研究本地區小兒燒傷流行病學特點，瞭解小兒燒傷相關的臨床規律、疾病髮展趨勢以及存在的問題。方法統計蚌埠市第三人民醫院燒傷整形科2001年1月至2010年2月收治的1552例住院燒傷小兒患者資料，對小兒燒傷的緻傷原因、髮病時間、城市與農村燒傷患兒性彆比例、男女患兒平均燒傷麵積及不同時間段城市與農村男女燒傷患兒在院前急救、未完成治療比例、受不同教育程度鑑護人自我救治符閤率、小兒燒傷髮病年齡變化趨勢等進行統計分析和比較。結果熱液燙傷是本地區小兒燒傷的主要原因（88.6%）。本地區小兒燒傷多髮于早、晚餐及睡前洗浴時段。2001年至2003年自我救治醫學常規符閤率與2008年至2010年相比差異無統計學意義（P >0.05），女性患兒平均燒傷麵積大于男性患兒，差異有統計學意義（P <0.05）。2008年至2010年未完成治療率與2001年至2003年相比，男性患兒為24.61% vs 31.23%，女性則為45.60% vs 40.36%，統計分析顯示差異均無統計學意義（P >0.05）。鑑護人受教育程度與救治閤理率無明顯正相關。小兒燒傷平均年齡從2001年的平均（3.13±2.65）歲降至2010年的平均（2.10±2.16）歲。0~3歲小兒燒傷比例從2001年的69.57%增加2010年的87.85%。燒傷後期進行繫統瘢痕康複治療病例少，無統計數據。結論本地區熱液是小兒燒傷最常見的原因。居民對燒傷救治知識的掌握程度滯後于社會經濟的髮展和受教育水平的提高，提示專業機構對燒傷防護救治常識宣傳教育的不足。女性患兒可能受到一定程度的性彆歧視。經濟睏難不能成為未完成治療的主要原因。小兒燒傷有低齡化趨勢，在低幼兒童（0~3歲）小兒燒傷可能存在基礎髮病率。小兒燒傷後的康複治療嚴重欠缺歸因于鑑護人對燒傷後瘢痕畸形的危害認知不足以及醫療投入的缺乏。應噹把小兒燒傷作為一項社會問題來對待，將燒傷後的康複治療（非手術性）納入醫療保險範圍，建立適閤本地區特點的小兒燒傷預防宣教-臨床救治-康複體繫。
목적：연구본지구소인소상류행병학특점，료해소인소상상관적림상규률、질병발전추세이급존재적문제。방법통계방부시제삼인민의원소상정형과2001년1월지2010년2월수치적1552례주원소상소인환자자료，대소인소상적치상원인、발병시간、성시여농촌소상환인성별비례、남녀환인평균소상면적급불동시간단성시여농촌남녀소상환인재원전급구、미완성치료비례、수불동교육정도감호인자아구치부합솔、소인소상발병년령변화추세등진행통계분석화비교。결과열액탕상시본지구소인소상적주요원인（88.6%）。본지구소인소상다발우조、만찬급수전세욕시단。2001년지2003년자아구치의학상규부합솔여2008년지2010년상비차이무통계학의의（P >0.05），녀성환인평균소상면적대우남성환인，차이유통계학의의（P <0.05）。2008년지2010년미완성치료솔여2001년지2003년상비，남성환인위24.61% vs 31.23%，녀성칙위45.60% vs 40.36%，통계분석현시차이균무통계학의의（P >0.05）。감호인수교육정도여구치합리솔무명현정상관。소인소상평균년령종2001년적평균（3.13±2.65）세강지2010년적평균（2.10±2.16）세。0~3세소인소상비례종2001년적69.57%증가2010년적87.85%。소상후기진행계통반흔강복치료병례소，무통계수거。결론본지구열액시소인소상최상견적원인。거민대소상구치지식적장악정도체후우사회경제적발전화수교육수평적제고，제시전업궤구대소상방호구치상식선전교육적불족。녀성환인가능수도일정정도적성별기시。경제곤난불능성위미완성치료적주요원인。소인소상유저령화추세，재저유인동（0~3세）소인소상가능존재기출발병솔。소인소상후적강복치료엄중흠결귀인우감호인대소상후반흔기형적위해인지불족이급의료투입적결핍。응당파소인소상작위일항사회문제래대대，장소상후적강복치료（비수술성）납입의료보험범위，건립괄합본지구특점적소인소상예방선교-림상구치-강복체계。
[Abstrac] Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric burn in the region and the trend of the disease,clinical regularity and the problems with it. Methods This study was on 1552 hospitalized burns cases in the Third Hospital of Bengbu from January 2001 to December 2010 and the causes of burn injury,prone time,sex ratio of rural areas and city patients,average burn area,the difference of self treatment among rural areas and city patients,the ratio of the cases without completion of the treatment in hospital,self treatment reasonable rate of guardians in the different education level,change trend of burns cases' age were analyzed and compared. Results Hot liquid scald was the main reason for the region of pediatric burn(88. 6% ). It much hair at breakfast,dinner and before bed. Compared the reasonable rate of self treatment in the early years(2001-2003)and late(2008-2010),there was no significant difference (P > 0. 05),the average burn areas of female patients was larger than the male patients,there was significant difference(P < 0. 05). Comparison the rate of unfinished hospitalization between 2008-2010 and 2001-2003,24. 61% vs 31. 23% in male patients,female was 45. 60% vs 40. 36% . Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference(P > 0. 05). The proportion of hospitalized had not decreased with the economic improvement and the popularity of medical insurance,the education level of guardians had no significant positive correlation with reasonable rate treatment. The average age of pediatric burn was from (3. 13 ± 2. 65)years old in 2001 fall to(2. 10 ± 2. 16)in 2010. In 0-3 years old children,the proportion of hospitalization from 69. 57% in 2001 increased to 87. 85% in 2010. Few case carry through a systematically treatment of scar after burn,it had no statistical data. Conclusion Hot liquid is the most common cause of pediatric burn in the local area. The treatment knowledge of the public were not increased with the development of social economy and the level of education show the lack of publicity and education of burn protection treatment by professional organizations. Female children may been gender discrimination in a certain extent. Economic difficulties can not become the main reasons for unfinished hospitalized. Pediatric burn is trend to younger age. In young children(0-3 years old),pediatric burn may be has a basic incidence rate. The serious lack of rehabilitation after burn is due to the lack of cognition of scar deformities in guardians and the lack of medical investment. Pediatric burns should be taken as a social problem,the rehabilitation treatment of post burn(non operation )should be put into the medical insurance. There is an urgent need to establish the publicity and education-clinical treatment-rehabilitation system of pediatric burn that suitable for the local characteristics.