气候与环境研究
氣候與環境研究
기후여배경연구
CLIMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
2014年
6期
735-742
,共8页
幂指数 TOPMODEL%模型检验%空间非均匀性影响%敏感性试验
冪指數 TOPMODEL%模型檢驗%空間非均勻性影響%敏感性試驗
멱지수 TOPMODEL%모형검험%공간비균균성영향%민감성시험
Power law profile TOPMODEL%Model verification%Impact of spatial heterogeneity%Sensitivity analysis
利用取消流域土壤表层饱和导水率0K 、土壤饱和导水率有效衰减系数 m 和地下水补给速率 R 为空间均匀假设的幂指数 TOPMODEL，对流域水量平衡各分量进行敏感性研究试验，揭示空间非均匀性对幂指数TOPMODEL 模拟结果的影响。从特定研究流域所得结果中可得的主要结论有：1）0K 、m 和 R 的空间变化对流域的逐日地表径流和基流以及逐日总径流有影响，针对设定的0K 、m 和 R 的空间变化，其中 m 的空间变化较明显地增加了逐日地表径流和洪峰流量。2）就设定的0K 、m 和 R 的空间变化而论，对流域多年平均年总径流以及蒸发模拟结果影响不大，但改变了径流在地表径流和基流之间的分配；其中 R 的空间变化影响最显著，m 和0K 的空间变化影响则较小。
利用取消流域土壤錶層飽和導水率0K 、土壤飽和導水率有效衰減繫數 m 和地下水補給速率 R 為空間均勻假設的冪指數 TOPMODEL，對流域水量平衡各分量進行敏感性研究試驗，揭示空間非均勻性對冪指數TOPMODEL 模擬結果的影響。從特定研究流域所得結果中可得的主要結論有：1）0K 、m 和 R 的空間變化對流域的逐日地錶徑流和基流以及逐日總徑流有影響，針對設定的0K 、m 和 R 的空間變化，其中 m 的空間變化較明顯地增加瞭逐日地錶徑流和洪峰流量。2）就設定的0K 、m 和 R 的空間變化而論，對流域多年平均年總徑流以及蒸髮模擬結果影響不大，但改變瞭徑流在地錶徑流和基流之間的分配；其中 R 的空間變化影響最顯著，m 和0K 的空間變化影響則較小。
이용취소류역토양표층포화도수솔0K 、토양포화도수솔유효쇠감계수 m 화지하수보급속솔 R 위공간균균가설적멱지수 TOPMODEL，대류역수량평형각분량진행민감성연구시험，게시공간비균균성대멱지수TOPMODEL 모의결과적영향。종특정연구류역소득결과중가득적주요결론유：1）0K 、m 화 R 적공간변화대류역적축일지표경류화기류이급축일총경류유영향，침대설정적0K 、m 화 R 적공간변화，기중 m 적공간변화교명현지증가료축일지표경류화홍봉류량。2）취설정적0K 、m 화 R 적공간변화이론，대류역다년평균년총경류이급증발모의결과영향불대，단개변료경류재지표경류화기류지간적분배；기중 R 적공간변화영향최현저，m 화0K 적공간변화영향칙교소。
The Topographic Index Model (TOPMODEL) has been implemented into land surface models (LSMs) to improve modeling of hydrological process components. In recent years, great effort has been made by many researchers for adjusting some of the assumptions contained in the classic TOPMODEL, which will broaden its application scope. For example, the general power law has been used to describe the variation of saturated hydraulic conductivity with depth as an extension of the classic TOPMODEL. Known as power law TOPMODEL, its derivation is based on the assumption of spatially uniform land surface. In this paper, the power law TOPMODEL is extended to a spatially inhomogeneous land surface with spatially non-uniform saturated hydraulic conductivity at the ground surface ( 0K ), effective soil depth (m), and water recharge rate to the ground water (R). In addition, numerical experiments with assumed spatial variable patterns of 0 K , m, and R are conducted to evaluate the hydrological effects of the spatial heterogeneity. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The assumed spatial distributions of 0 K , R, and m affect daily surface runoff, daily baseflow, and daily total runoff. Among these, the spatial distribution of m significantly increases daily surface runoff and flood discharge. 2) The assumed spatial distributions of 0 K , R, and m do not significantly affect the total runoff and evaporation averaged over many years, although they change the partition of total runoff between surface runoff and baseflow. In particular, the spatial distribution of 0 R enhances averaged surface runoff of many years and significantly reduces the averaged baseflow during the same period. The other two variables change surface runoff and baseflow less than does the assumed spatial distributions of R0.
