CAJ | 학술논문

银杏叶中由于含有广泛的具药理活性的化学成分，已经成为药品、食品、化妆品和饮料等工业产品的重要原料，银杏叶用林的定向培育能够为以银杏叶为原料的各种加工业提供优质的原料。笔者在介绍银杏叶用园培育原理的基础上，依据银杏叶用林研究的相关材料，系统总结了银杏叶用林的定向培育关键技术，包括：①选择适宜的立地条件，选择排水良好、土层深厚肥沃、土壤pH为6．0～7．5的适生丰产区内的造林地；②选择优良的品种，选用经过选育并获得新品种权或通过林木品种审定委员会审定的叶用优良品种；③采用合理的密度，根据不同的立地及栽培条件，栽植密度控制在4万～7万株/hm2；④采用截干萌芽矮化经营方式，4～5 a截干1次；⑤施肥以有机肥为主，生长前期追N肥，后期增施K、P和微量元素肥料（ Mg、Zn、Mo）；⑥生长前期采取措施促进生长（水分充足、温度和光照适宜），后期采取措施促进药用成分的合成和积累（适度干旱、低温和强光）。
은행협중유우함유엄범적구약리활성적화학성분，이경성위약품、식품、화장품화음료등공업산품적중요원료，은행협용림적정향배육능구위이은행협위원료적각충가공업제공우질적원료。필자재개소은행협용완배육원리적기출상，의거은행협용림연구적상관재료，계통총결료은행협용림적정향배육관건기술，포괄：①선택괄의적입지조건，선택배수량호、토층심후비옥、토양pH위6．0～7．5적괄생봉산구내적조임지；②선택우량적품충，선용경과선육병획득신품충권혹통과림목품충심정위원회심정적협용우량품충；③채용합리적밀도，근거불동적입지급재배조건，재식밀도공제재4만～7만주/hm2；④채용절간맹아왜화경영방식，4～5 a절간1차；⑤시비이유궤비위주，생장전기추N비，후기증시K、P화미량원소비료（ Mg、Zn、Mo）；⑥생장전기채취조시촉진생장（수분충족、온도화광조괄의），후기채취조시촉진약용성분적합성화적루（괄도간한、저온화강광）。
Leaves of ginkgo (Ginkgo bilaba L.) is an important material on the production of medicine, food, cosmetic and beverage, and oriented cultivation of ginkgo leaf?harvest plantation can supply high quality material for these indus?tries. Based on cultivating mechanism and the results of research and practice, some key techniques for cultivating leaf?harvest ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) plantation were summarized systematically. The results were as follows:① Choosing good sites being suitable for ginkgo growing. ② Selecting appropriate ginkgo varieties or clones for various cultivation zones according to their leaf yield and medicinal content. ③Adopting reasonable planting density producing more leaves and obtain higher medicinal content to meet the need of medicinal industry ( suggested density was from 40 000 to 70 000 trees/hm2 according to site condition) . ④Using coppicing management system ( cutting strunk once every 4-5 a) to get higher leaf quality ( higher medicinal content) . ⑤ Organic fertilizer was advocated in leaf?harvesting plantation, and in the early stage of growing, N fertilizer is added to increase leaf yield, and in the late stage of growth, K, P and microel?ement fertilizer ( Mg, Zn and Mo) are added to increased medicinal content. ⑥ Other steps would be taken to promote growth of ginkgo in the early stage of growth, such as enough soil moisture, appropriate temperature and light, and measures adopted to increase medicinal content of ginkgo leaves in the late stage of growth, such as appropriate drought, lower temperature and full light.