生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
10期
1671-1676
,共6页
陈建军%于蔚%祖艳群%李元
陳建軍%于蔚%祖豔群%李元
진건군%우위%조염군%리원
玉米%镉%低累积品种%积累与转运%品种差异
玉米%鎘%低纍積品種%積纍與轉運%品種差異
옥미%력%저루적품충%적루여전운%품충차이
Zea mays%cadmium%low accumulation%accumulation and translocafion%variety difference
通过田间实验，研究了25个玉米（Zea mays）品种在Cd质量分数为50 mg·kg-1胁迫条件下，Cd对不同玉米品种生长的影响，以及不同玉米品种对Cd积累和转运的品种差异，以期筛选出Cd低积累玉米品种。结果表明：25个玉米品种的生物量和产量对Cd胁迫的响应，以及不同品种根、茎叶和籽粒对Cd的吸收、累积及转运能力存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。有20个品种生物量和19个品种产量下降；有2个品种籽粒的Cd质量分数超过了国家规定的食品卫生标准（≤0.1 mg·kg-1），占供试品种的8.0%，所有品种茎叶的Cd质量分数均超过了国家规定的饲料卫生标准（≤0.5 mg·kg-1），超标率为100%；25个玉米品种的富集系数范围为0.063~0.899、茎叶转运系数范围为0.038~0.554、籽粒转运系数范围为0.000~0.111，均小于1，其中有8个品种富集系数>0.5，1个品种茎叶转运系数>0.5，而所有品种的籽粒转运系数均<0.5，说明玉米对土壤Cd仍有一定的吸收能力，但地下部向地上部转运能力以及由茎叶向籽粒的转运能力较弱；根据玉米生物量、产量、籽粒Cd含量以及对Cd的富集系数和转运系数等指标进行评价，认为云瑞8号、会单4号、路单7号3个品种可作为Cd低累积玉米品种，可在云南Cd重度污染土壤上推广种植。
通過田間實驗，研究瞭25箇玉米（Zea mays）品種在Cd質量分數為50 mg·kg-1脅迫條件下，Cd對不同玉米品種生長的影響，以及不同玉米品種對Cd積纍和轉運的品種差異，以期篩選齣Cd低積纍玉米品種。結果錶明：25箇玉米品種的生物量和產量對Cd脅迫的響應，以及不同品種根、莖葉和籽粒對Cd的吸收、纍積及轉運能力存在顯著差異（P＜0.05）。有20箇品種生物量和19箇品種產量下降；有2箇品種籽粒的Cd質量分數超過瞭國傢規定的食品衛生標準（≤0.1 mg·kg-1），佔供試品種的8.0%，所有品種莖葉的Cd質量分數均超過瞭國傢規定的飼料衛生標準（≤0.5 mg·kg-1），超標率為100%；25箇玉米品種的富集繫數範圍為0.063~0.899、莖葉轉運繫數範圍為0.038~0.554、籽粒轉運繫數範圍為0.000~0.111，均小于1，其中有8箇品種富集繫數>0.5，1箇品種莖葉轉運繫數>0.5，而所有品種的籽粒轉運繫數均<0.5，說明玉米對土壤Cd仍有一定的吸收能力，但地下部嚮地上部轉運能力以及由莖葉嚮籽粒的轉運能力較弱；根據玉米生物量、產量、籽粒Cd含量以及對Cd的富集繫數和轉運繫數等指標進行評價，認為雲瑞8號、會單4號、路單7號3箇品種可作為Cd低纍積玉米品種，可在雲南Cd重度汙染土壤上推廣種植。
통과전간실험，연구료25개옥미（Zea mays）품충재Cd질량분수위50 mg·kg-1협박조건하，Cd대불동옥미품충생장적영향，이급불동옥미품충대Cd적루화전운적품충차이，이기사선출Cd저적루옥미품충。결과표명：25개옥미품충적생물량화산량대Cd협박적향응，이급불동품충근、경협화자립대Cd적흡수、루적급전운능력존재현저차이（P＜0.05）。유20개품충생물량화19개품충산량하강；유2개품충자립적Cd질량분수초과료국가규정적식품위생표준（≤0.1 mg·kg-1），점공시품충적8.0%，소유품충경협적Cd질량분수균초과료국가규정적사료위생표준（≤0.5 mg·kg-1），초표솔위100%；25개옥미품충적부집계수범위위0.063~0.899、경협전운계수범위위0.038~0.554、자립전운계수범위위0.000~0.111，균소우1，기중유8개품충부집계수>0.5，1개품충경협전운계수>0.5，이소유품충적자립전운계수균<0.5，설명옥미대토양Cd잉유일정적흡수능력，단지하부향지상부전운능력이급유경협향자립적전운능력교약；근거옥미생물량、산량、자립Cd함량이급대Cd적부집계수화전운계수등지표진행평개，인위운서8호、회단4호、로단7호3개품충가작위Cd저루적옥미품충，가재운남Cd중도오염토양상추엄충식。
In Cd (50 mg·kg-1) stress conditions, the effects of Cd on the grown of 25 maize varieties and the difference of Cd accumulation and transfer between different maize varieties was studied in field experiments, to screen out Cd low accumulation maize varieties. The results showed that there was significant difference between 25 maize varieties of biomass, yield Cd uptake by root, stem and leaf, Cd accumulation and translocation ability (P<0.05) response to Cd stress. Biomass of 20 maize varieties decreased, and yield of 19 maize varieties decreased. The seed Cd contents of 2 varieties were more than the food sanitation standards set by the state (≤0.1 mg·kg-1), accounting for 8% of the tested cultivars. The stem and leaf Cd contents of all varieties were more than the national feed hygiene standard (≤0.1 mg·kg-1). The range of enrichment coefficients of 25 maize varieties was 0.063~0.899, and the stem and leaf transfer coefficient was in the range of 0.038~0.554, meanwhile the seed transport coefficient was in the range of 0.000~0.111, but all the coefficients were less than 1, of which the enrichment coefficients of 8 maize species > 0.5, the stem and leaf transfer coefficient of 1 maize specie > 0.5, the seed transport coefficients of all the varieties < 0.5. Data analysis results showed that there were still certain absorption capacity of the maize to soil Cd, but the transport capacity from root to shoot and stem and leaf to grain was weak. Evaluated according to the index of maize biomass, grain yield, Cd content , Cd enrichment coefficient and transfer coefficient, 3 varieties of Yun Rui 8, Hui Dan 4, and Lun Dan 7 could be used as Cd low accumulation Maize Varieties, and were fit to be planted in Cd heavily polluted soil in Yunnan.
