生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
10期
1586-1592
,共7页
吴涛%耿云芬%柴勇%郝佳波%袁春明
吳濤%耿雲芬%柴勇%郝佳波%袁春明
오도%경운분%시용%학가파%원춘명
三叶爬山虎%叶片%解剖结构%光合特性%生境
三葉爬山虎%葉片%解剖結構%光閤特性%生境
삼협파산호%협편%해부결구%광합특성%생경
Parthenocissus himalayana%leaf%anatomical structure%photosynthesis characteristics%habitat
藤本植物生活环境的时空变化较为剧烈,为适应异质性生境常表现出较大的可塑性,其形态解剖结构及光合生理特征被认为能很好地体现对异质生境的适应。为了明确藤本植物叶片结构和光合作用对不同生境光强的响应策略,以木质藤本三叶爬山虎(Parthenocissus himalayana)为对象,采用光合仪测定和解剖显微观察的方法研究了哀牢山亚热带湿性常绿阔叶林的林外(全光照)、林缘(遮荫)和林内(荫生)3种自然生境中三叶爬山虎的叶片解剖结构和光合生理特征的变化,以期阐述三叶爬山虎对不同光环境的生态适应能力及策略,为森林生态系统的管理和物种多样性的保护及群落优化配置提供理论依据。结果表明:从林内到林外随着生境光强增加,叶片厚度(157.77~299.17μm)、上表皮厚度(21.30~28.40μm)、栅栏组织厚度(30.83~124.65μm)、栅栏组织细胞面积(430.95~652.97μm2)显著增大(P<0.01),栅栏组织细胞长度(29.23~49.54μm)和周长(86.58~155.17μm)、下表皮厚度(16.14~19.01μm)、气孔长度(24.13~27.10μm)和气孔密度(86.20~129.41个·mm-2)呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05)。栅栏组织细胞宽度(19.67~22.81μm)在3种生境中无显著差异。叶片解剖结构性状的平均可塑性值为0.37,其中最大值是栅栏组织细胞长度(0.67),最小值是气孔长度(0.11)。光饱和点(201.27~1299.17μmol·m-2·s-1)、光补偿点(3.86~29.88μmol·m-2·s-1)、饱和光强最大光合速率(2.20~12.03μmol·m-2·s-1)、暗呼吸速率(0.17~2.19μmol·m-2·s-1)、CO2补偿点(83.01~237.26μmol·m-2·s-1)、饱和CO2最大净光合速率(2.07~25.49μmol·m-2·s-1)、光呼吸速率(0.36~7.57μmol·m-2·s-1)、初始羧化效率(0.006~0.035μmol·μmol-1)随着生境光强的增高呈上升趋势,而表观量子效率(0.067~0.031μmol·μmol-1)、CO2饱和点(2062.56~1385.31μmol·m-2·s-1)呈下降趋势。与光合生理参数相关性显著的解剖性状主要是叶片厚度、上表皮厚度及其细胞周长/面积、栅栏组织细胞长度、栅栏组织厚度及维管束占叶脉面积的比例等。研究说明,三叶爬山虎在林外生境中具有明显的阳生叶特征,而在林内生境中具有明显的阴生叶特征,表现出对异质生境很强的适应性,从叶片解剖结构和光合生理特性方面解释了其在林外、林缘和林内均有分布的原因。
籐本植物生活環境的時空變化較為劇烈,為適應異質性生境常錶現齣較大的可塑性,其形態解剖結構及光閤生理特徵被認為能很好地體現對異質生境的適應。為瞭明確籐本植物葉片結構和光閤作用對不同生境光彊的響應策略,以木質籐本三葉爬山虎(Parthenocissus himalayana)為對象,採用光閤儀測定和解剖顯微觀察的方法研究瞭哀牢山亞熱帶濕性常綠闊葉林的林外(全光照)、林緣(遮蔭)和林內(蔭生)3種自然生境中三葉爬山虎的葉片解剖結構和光閤生理特徵的變化,以期闡述三葉爬山虎對不同光環境的生態適應能力及策略,為森林生態繫統的管理和物種多樣性的保護及群落優化配置提供理論依據。結果錶明:從林內到林外隨著生境光彊增加,葉片厚度(157.77~299.17μm)、上錶皮厚度(21.30~28.40μm)、柵欄組織厚度(30.83~124.65μm)、柵欄組織細胞麵積(430.95~652.97μm2)顯著增大(P<0.01),柵欄組織細胞長度(29.23~49.54μm)和週長(86.58~155.17μm)、下錶皮厚度(16.14~19.01μm)、氣孔長度(24.13~27.10μm)和氣孔密度(86.20~129.41箇·mm-2)呈顯著上升趨勢(P<0.05)。柵欄組織細胞寬度(19.67~22.81μm)在3種生境中無顯著差異。葉片解剖結構性狀的平均可塑性值為0.37,其中最大值是柵欄組織細胞長度(0.67),最小值是氣孔長度(0.11)。光飽和點(201.27~1299.17μmol·m-2·s-1)、光補償點(3.86~29.88μmol·m-2·s-1)、飽和光彊最大光閤速率(2.20~12.03μmol·m-2·s-1)、暗呼吸速率(0.17~2.19μmol·m-2·s-1)、CO2補償點(83.01~237.26μmol·m-2·s-1)、飽和CO2最大淨光閤速率(2.07~25.49μmol·m-2·s-1)、光呼吸速率(0.36~7.57μmol·m-2·s-1)、初始羧化效率(0.006~0.035μmol·μmol-1)隨著生境光彊的增高呈上升趨勢,而錶觀量子效率(0.067~0.031μmol·μmol-1)、CO2飽和點(2062.56~1385.31μmol·m-2·s-1)呈下降趨勢。與光閤生理參數相關性顯著的解剖性狀主要是葉片厚度、上錶皮厚度及其細胞週長/麵積、柵欄組織細胞長度、柵欄組織厚度及維管束佔葉脈麵積的比例等。研究說明,三葉爬山虎在林外生境中具有明顯的暘生葉特徵,而在林內生境中具有明顯的陰生葉特徵,錶現齣對異質生境很彊的適應性,從葉片解剖結構和光閤生理特性方麵解釋瞭其在林外、林緣和林內均有分佈的原因。
등본식물생활배경적시공변화교위극렬,위괄응이질성생경상표현출교대적가소성,기형태해부결구급광합생리특정피인위능흔호지체현대이질생경적괄응。위료명학등본식물협편결구화광합작용대불동생경광강적향응책략,이목질등본삼협파산호(Parthenocissus himalayana)위대상,채용광합의측정화해부현미관찰적방법연구료애뢰산아열대습성상록활협림적림외(전광조)、림연(차음)화림내(음생)3충자연생경중삼협파산호적협편해부결구화광합생리특정적변화,이기천술삼협파산호대불동광배경적생태괄응능력급책략,위삼림생태계통적관리화물충다양성적보호급군락우화배치제공이론의거。결과표명:종림내도림외수착생경광강증가,협편후도(157.77~299.17μm)、상표피후도(21.30~28.40μm)、책란조직후도(30.83~124.65μm)、책란조직세포면적(430.95~652.97μm2)현저증대(P<0.01),책란조직세포장도(29.23~49.54μm)화주장(86.58~155.17μm)、하표피후도(16.14~19.01μm)、기공장도(24.13~27.10μm)화기공밀도(86.20~129.41개·mm-2)정현저상승추세(P<0.05)。책란조직세포관도(19.67~22.81μm)재3충생경중무현저차이。협편해부결구성상적평균가소성치위0.37,기중최대치시책란조직세포장도(0.67),최소치시기공장도(0.11)。광포화점(201.27~1299.17μmol·m-2·s-1)、광보상점(3.86~29.88μmol·m-2·s-1)、포화광강최대광합속솔(2.20~12.03μmol·m-2·s-1)、암호흡속솔(0.17~2.19μmol·m-2·s-1)、CO2보상점(83.01~237.26μmol·m-2·s-1)、포화CO2최대정광합속솔(2.07~25.49μmol·m-2·s-1)、광호흡속솔(0.36~7.57μmol·m-2·s-1)、초시최화효솔(0.006~0.035μmol·μmol-1)수착생경광강적증고정상승추세,이표관양자효솔(0.067~0.031μmol·μmol-1)、CO2포화점(2062.56~1385.31μmol·m-2·s-1)정하강추세。여광합생리삼수상관성현저적해부성상주요시협편후도、상표피후도급기세포주장/면적、책란조직세포장도、책란조직후도급유관속점협맥면적적비례등。연구설명,삼협파산호재림외생경중구유명현적양생협특정,이재림내생경중구유명현적음생협특정,표현출대이질생경흔강적괄응성,종협편해부결구화광합생리특성방면해석료기재림외、림연화림내균유분포적원인。
Temporal and spatial changes of habitats of vine plants are often intense, so plants should exhibit great plasticity in order to adapt to heterogeneous habitats. The anatomical structures and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves are considered to greatly reflect the adaptation of plants to different environmental regimes. The objective of the present study was to compare the anatomic and photosynthetic properties of the leaves of lianaParthenocissus himalayana grown in different locations (field, forest edge, and forest interior in the Ailao Mountains, Yunnan, China) with paraffin sectioning and Li-6400 photosynthetic apparatus. The reactions ofP. himalayana to different light environments and its survival mechanisms were evaluated. A significant correlation was found between the anatomical structure characteristics and the photosynthesis physiological properties. The intensification of light, from the forest interior to the field, caused a considerable increase in the thickness of the whole leaf and the tissues within upper epidermis, palisade tissue, and palisade cells area, from 157.77 to 299.17μm, 21.30 to 28.40μm, 30.83 to 124.65μm, 430.95 to 652.97μm2, respectively. There was also a significant rise in the length (from 29.23 to 49.54μm) and circumference of palisade cell (from 86.58 to 155.17μm). The thickness of the lower epidermis and the stomatal size and density were substantially increased. There were no significant differences in width of palisade cells (19.67-22.81μm) among different habitats. The average value of plasticity indexes of leaf anatomical characteristics was 0.37, among which the length of palisade cells had the maximum value (0.67) and the size of stoma had the minimum one (0.11). The light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point (LCP), and the maximum photosynthetic rate under saturation light intensity (Pmax) were markedly elevated. Higher were also the values of a number of indicators, including the dark respiration rate (Rd), CO2 compensation point (Ccp), light respiration rate (Rp), and initial carboxylation efficiency (CE). These results indicated thatParthenocissus himalayana have a remarkable light adaptability in heterogeneous habitats in terms of leaf anatomical structure and photosynthetic characteristics.