世界地理研究
世界地理研究
세계지리연구
WORLD REGIONAL STUDIES
2014年
4期
85-96
,共12页
城市%产业专业化%功能专业化%分工
城市%產業專業化%功能專業化%分工
성시%산업전업화%공능전업화%분공
city%sectoral specialization%functional specialization%divi-sion
城市专业化包括产业专业化和功能专业化，其分工特点分别是在不同产业之间进行，和按产业链的不同环节、工序、模块进行。不同的分工体系势必对城市专业化的刻画产生明显分异。基于2000年五普、2010年六普两次全国人口普查分县数据，利用城市产业专业化指数、城市功能专业化指数、区位商指数研究了中国不同规模的城市的专业化水平以及专业化部门的格局与变化。结果表明：城市产业专业化方面，规模较大的城市产业专业化水平较低且呈下降趋势，更专业化于制造业、金融房地产业、社会服务业等产业部门；规模较小的城市产业专业化较高且呈上升趋势，更专业化于能源生产与采掘业、建筑业、交通邮政业等产业部门。城市功能专业化方面，规模较大的城市功能专业化水平较高并有继续升高的趋势，管理控制、技术研发、公共服务功能的专业化水平呈现出不断升高的趋势；规模较小的城市功能专业化水平较低并呈现继续降低的趋势，更加专业化于商业服务和生产操作功能。
城市專業化包括產業專業化和功能專業化，其分工特點分彆是在不同產業之間進行，和按產業鏈的不同環節、工序、模塊進行。不同的分工體繫勢必對城市專業化的刻畫產生明顯分異。基于2000年五普、2010年六普兩次全國人口普查分縣數據，利用城市產業專業化指數、城市功能專業化指數、區位商指數研究瞭中國不同規模的城市的專業化水平以及專業化部門的格跼與變化。結果錶明：城市產業專業化方麵，規模較大的城市產業專業化水平較低且呈下降趨勢，更專業化于製造業、金融房地產業、社會服務業等產業部門；規模較小的城市產業專業化較高且呈上升趨勢，更專業化于能源生產與採掘業、建築業、交通郵政業等產業部門。城市功能專業化方麵，規模較大的城市功能專業化水平較高併有繼續升高的趨勢，管理控製、技術研髮、公共服務功能的專業化水平呈現齣不斷升高的趨勢；規模較小的城市功能專業化水平較低併呈現繼續降低的趨勢，更加專業化于商業服務和生產操作功能。
성시전업화포괄산업전업화화공능전업화，기분공특점분별시재불동산업지간진행，화안산업련적불동배절、공서、모괴진행。불동적분공체계세필대성시전업화적각화산생명현분이。기우2000년오보、2010년륙보량차전국인구보사분현수거，이용성시산업전업화지수、성시공능전업화지수、구위상지수연구료중국불동규모적성시적전업화수평이급전업화부문적격국여변화。결과표명：성시산업전업화방면，규모교대적성시산업전업화수평교저차정하강추세，경전업화우제조업、금융방지산업、사회복무업등산업부문；규모교소적성시산업전업화교고차정상승추세，경전업화우능원생산여채굴업、건축업、교통유정업등산업부문。성시공능전업화방면，규모교대적성시공능전업화수평교고병유계속승고적추세，관리공제、기술연발、공공복무공능적전업화수평정현출불단승고적추세；규모교소적성시공능전업화수평교저병정현계속강저적추세，경가전업화우상업복무화생산조작공능。
Urban specialization includes sectoral specialization and functional specialization. The characteristics of sectoralspecialization is based on dif-ferent industrial sectors, and functional specialization is based on different parts, processes and modules of industrial chain. So, urban specialization will be significantly different when using different division system. Using 283 cities as basic spatial units, based on the national census data in 2000 and 2010,computing urban sectoral specialization index, functional specializa-tion index and location quotients of different sector and function of differ-ent scale-group cities, this paper researched phase changes of urban special-ization level and specialized sector or function of different scale-group cities. By the research,the following conclusions can be drawn: Firstly, on the urban sectoral specialization, the level of large-scale city was low and declining; and manufacturing, financial and real estate industry, social ser-vices industry were more specialized. The level of small-scale city was high and rising;energy production and mining industry, construction, traffic postal industry sectors were more specialized. Secondly, on the urban functional spe-cialization, the level of large-scale city was high and had continued to be higher; the specialization level of management control, technology research, the public service function showed a rising trend. The level of small-scale city was low and had continued to decline, and more specialized in commercial service and production operation function. Thirdly, it is very important to strengthen research on functional division based on industry chain; and func-tional division is becoming an important driving force for the development of the city and the region of our country.
