福建农业学报
福建農業學報
복건농업학보
FUJIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
2014年
10期
1015-1020
,共6页
土壤调理剂%茶叶%产量%品质%土壤理化性状
土壤調理劑%茶葉%產量%品質%土壤理化性狀
토양조리제%다협%산량%품질%토양이화성상
soil conditioners%tea%yield%quality%soil properties
为调节茶园土壤理化性状，提高茶叶产量和品质，通过近3a的田间小区试验，在氮磷钾肥平衡施用基础上，研究添施腐植酸类土壤调理剂（腐植酸和风化煤）对茶园土壤理化性状及茶叶产量、品质的影响，结果表明：添施腐植酸类土壤调理剂可降低土壤容重7．22％～15．44％，提高土壤孔隙度8．24％～18．62％，pH 2．97％～18．61％、有机质8．86％～27．22％、全氮9．80％～45．10％、全磷6．12％～40．82％、全钾4．52％～40．16％、碱解氮8．81％～45．75％、速效磷0．62％～67．55％和速效钾5．56％～36．09％；并增加茶青产量3．19％～14．24％，提高茶叶的茶多酚5．21％～10．73％。其中，以化肥＋腐植酸＋风化煤处理对提高茶叶产量、茶多酚以及土壤碱解氮含量的效果最佳；以化肥＋腐植酸处理对降低土壤容重、增加土壤孔隙度、提高土壤的有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷和速效钾含量的效果最佳；而化肥＋风化煤处理对提高土壤pH 值的效果最佳。
為調節茶園土壤理化性狀，提高茶葉產量和品質，通過近3a的田間小區試驗，在氮燐鉀肥平衡施用基礎上，研究添施腐植痠類土壤調理劑（腐植痠和風化煤）對茶園土壤理化性狀及茶葉產量、品質的影響，結果錶明：添施腐植痠類土壤調理劑可降低土壤容重7．22％～15．44％，提高土壤孔隙度8．24％～18．62％，pH 2．97％～18．61％、有機質8．86％～27．22％、全氮9．80％～45．10％、全燐6．12％～40．82％、全鉀4．52％～40．16％、堿解氮8．81％～45．75％、速效燐0．62％～67．55％和速效鉀5．56％～36．09％；併增加茶青產量3．19％～14．24％，提高茶葉的茶多酚5．21％～10．73％。其中，以化肥＋腐植痠＋風化煤處理對提高茶葉產量、茶多酚以及土壤堿解氮含量的效果最佳；以化肥＋腐植痠處理對降低土壤容重、增加土壤孔隙度、提高土壤的有機質、全氮、全燐、全鉀、有效燐和速效鉀含量的效果最佳；而化肥＋風化煤處理對提高土壤pH 值的效果最佳。
위조절다완토양이화성상，제고다협산량화품질，통과근3a적전간소구시험，재담린갑비평형시용기출상，연구첨시부식산류토양조리제（부식산화풍화매）대다완토양이화성상급다협산량、품질적영향，결과표명：첨시부식산류토양조리제가강저토양용중7．22％～15．44％，제고토양공극도8．24％～18．62％，pH 2．97％～18．61％、유궤질8．86％～27．22％、전담9．80％～45．10％、전린6．12％～40．82％、전갑4．52％～40．16％、감해담8．81％～45．75％、속효린0．62％～67．55％화속효갑5．56％～36．09％；병증가다청산량3．19％～14．24％，제고다협적다다분5．21％～10．73％。기중，이화비＋부식산＋풍화매처리대제고다협산량、다다분이급토양감해담함량적효과최가；이화비＋부식산처리대강저토양용중、증가토양공극도、제고토양적유궤질、전담、전린、전갑、유효린화속효갑함량적효과최가；이화비＋풍화매처리대제고토양pH 치적효과최가。
To modify the physical and chemical properties of the soil and to improve the yield and quality of the tea,a field trial on two soil conditioners (i.e.,humic acid and weathered coal)was conducted.The conditioners wereadded to the soil at a tea plantation with a balanced use of nitrogenous,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for theprevious 3 years.The results showed that the weight/volume of the soil was reduced by 7.22 % - 1 5.44%;theporosity,pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium of the soil increased by 8.24% - 1 8.6 2 %,2.9 7 % - 1 8.6 1 %,8.8 6 % -2 7.22 %,9.80% - 45.1 0%,6.1 2 % - 40.82 %,4.5 2 % - 40.1 6 %,8.8 1 % - 45.7 5 %,0.6 2 % - 6 7.5 5 % and5.5 6 %-3 6.0 9 %,respectively;and,the yield and polyphenol content of the tea increased by 3.1 9 %-1 4.24% and5.2 1 %-1 0.7 3 %,respectively.Specifically,the application of the " chemical fertilizer + humic acid + weatheredcoal"showed the most significant effect on increasing the yield and polyphenols of the tea and the alkali-hydrolyzablenitrogen content in the soil.The application of the" chemical fertilizer+humic acid"appeared to be most significantin bringing about the decrease on the volume-weight and increases on the porosity,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus and potassium of the soil.And,the treatment with the "chemical fertilizer+weathered coal"was most effective in raising the pH of the soil.
