CAJ | 학술논문

塔里木盆地西北缘奥陶系大型古溶洞广泛出露，为古溶洞露头地质建模提供了优越的条件。综合野外资料和 Google Earth 影像分析，将大型古溶洞以形态结构特征为依据划分成管道—厅堂连通型溶洞、单一管道孤立型溶洞、流线型溶洞3种类型；以存在形式划分成单一溶洞和溶洞群。其中，管道—厅堂连通型溶洞以潜流带型为主，在平面上沿主方位通过岩溶管道连接厅堂分布，厅堂大小不等，在50～50000m 3之间变化；单一管道孤立型溶洞以渗流带型为主，平面上呈现单一管道线条状；流线型溶洞分布在潜流带中，从剖面上看呈近圆形、椭圆形和豆荚状等多种形状，包括顺层和斜交地层2种类型。结合各露头剖面中构造、地层条件及发育溶洞类型，明确管道—厅堂联通型溶洞受不整合面控制，分布在三间房、五道班和西克尔剖面中；单一管道孤立型溶洞受断裂系统控制，分布在一间房和硫磺沟剖面中；流线型溶洞主要分布在西克尔剖面，沿溶蚀沟道两侧分布；多种不同因素的耦合控制了溶洞群的分布。以此建立了综合大型古溶洞特征及其控制因素的古溶洞发育概念地质模型，以溶洞群为主要体积计算单元，通过与塔北奥陶系串珠进行体积对比，明确了地质模型的油气勘探意义。
탑리목분지서북연오도계대형고용동엄범출로，위고용동로두지질건모제공료우월적조건。종합야외자료화 Google Earth 영상분석，장대형고용동이형태결구특정위의거화분성관도—청당련통형용동、단일관도고립형용동、류선형용동3충류형；이존재형식화분성단일용동화용동군。기중，관도—청당련통형용동이잠류대형위주，재평면상연주방위통과암용관도련접청당분포，청당대소불등，재50～50000m 3지간변화；단일관도고립형용동이삼류대형위주，평면상정현단일관도선조상；류선형용동분포재잠류대중，종부면상간정근원형、타원형화두협상등다충형상，포괄순층화사교지층2충류형。결합각로두부면중구조、지층조건급발육용동류형，명학관도—청당련통형용동수불정합면공제，분포재삼간방、오도반화서극이부면중；단일관도고립형용동수단렬계통공제，분포재일간방화류광구부면중；류선형용동주요분포재서극이부면，연용식구도량측분포；다충불동인소적우합공제료용동군적분포。이차건립료종합대형고용동특정급기공제인소적고용동발육개념지질모형，이용동군위주요체적계산단원，통과여탑북오도계천주진행체적대비，명학료지질모형적유기감탐의의。
Paleokarst outcrops largely occurred in Northwest Tarim Basin,which provided a good condition for paleocave geological modeling.Combined with outcrop research and Google Earth image,on basis of karst morphology and paleocave architecture characteristics,the large paleocaves could be divided into pipe-hall connected paleocave,single pipe isolated paleocave and streamlined paleocave.There are single paleocave and paleocave group according to their existing forms.Pipe-hall connected paleocave is mainly located in phreatic zone,and its shape contains single lines type,single paleokarst channel type and pipe-hall.The size of hall varies from 50m 3 to 50000m 3 .Single-pipe-isolated paleocave is mainly lo-cated in vadose zone,and the shape on section can be circular,ellipse,etc.,but the shape on tabular surface is single-streamed pipe.The extending lengths of caves are controlled by the fracture principal ori-entation.Streamlined paleocave is also located in phreatic zone,distributing along and /or across the stra-ta.Their shape on section is circular,ellipse,lageniform,etc.With the analysis of outcrop structural characteristics,stratigraphic conditions and cave types,we find that pipe-hall connected paleocave is mainly affected by the weathering crust unconformity,and is mainly distributed in Sanjianfang,Wudao-ban and Xekar Sections.Single-pipe-isolated paleocave is mainly controlled by unconformity,and distrib-utes in Yijianfang and Liuhuanggou Sections.Streamlined paleocave mainly distributes along both sides of the eroding channel in Xekar Section.Distribution of paleocave group is controlled by various factors. Based on characteristics of large caves and their main controlling factors,a paleocave geological model was proposed.In order to give a guide for forecast of paleokarst reservoir distribution in covering area,the bulk of paleocave group was computed comparing with the volume of “light dot” in North Tarim Basin.