CAJ | 학술논문

以中国南方山丘区具有代表性的客家文化聚居区——炎陵县为例，采用客家文化景观基因的特征提取技术，从民居建筑、传统习俗、地方方言、宗法制度、民间信仰5个角度，提取了炎陵县客家文化景观基因的特征。研究结果表明：1）该县客家人以开放性“围堡式”的血缘宗族聚居模式，与畲、黎、瑶等少数民族通婚繁衍在山丘区的山谷地带；在“入乡随俗”谋求生存发展的环境中，某些方面已适应当地习俗，但仍保留了基本的客家精神及风俗；并以当地炎帝神农文化为主要文化参照，形成了独具炎陵县特色的客家文化。2）该县客家文化的景观基因在不同发生发展过程中有着衣、食、住、行、商等物质性方面的表达载体和地方语言、宗法制度、民间信仰、民情风俗、文化艺术等非物质性方面的表达形式。
이중국남방산구구구유대표성적객가문화취거구——염릉현위례，채용객가문화경관기인적특정제취기술，종민거건축、전통습속、지방방언、종법제도、민간신앙5개각도，제취료염릉현객가문화경관기인적특정。연구결과표명：1）해현객가인이개방성“위보식”적혈연종족취거모식，여여、려、요등소수민족통혼번연재산구구적산곡지대；재“입향수속”모구생존발전적배경중，모사방면이괄응당지습속，단잉보류료기본적객가정신급풍속；병이당지염제신농문화위주요문화삼조，형성료독구염릉현특색적객가문화。2）해현객가문화적경관기인재불동발생발전과정중유착의、식、주、행、상등물질성방면적표체재체화지방어언、종법제도、민간신앙、민정풍속、문화예술등비물질성방면적표체형식。
In this paper, a representative Hakka settlement in extended hilly area of southern China-Yanling County in Hunan, is taken as an example to extract gene features of Hakka cultural landscape by using feature extraction technology from the angles of residential buildings, traditions and customs, local dialects, patriarchal system, and folk beliefs. The results show that:1) The residence of the Hakkas in Yanling county is open castle of clan with blood relationship, where the residents may have intermarriage relation with local ethnic minorities such as She, Li, and Yao, as the Hakka ancestors needed to seek survival and development environment and adapt themselves to local conditions when they migrated into a new area. But the Yanling Hakkas still basically retain their own spirit and custom, and take Shennong culture of Yan Emperor as their cultural reference, forming a unique Yanling Hakka culture. 2) In different development courses the landscape gene of Yanling Hakka culture has its tangible expression vectors such as clothing, food, residence, means of traveling and trading, as well as its intangible expression vectors such as local language, patriarchal system, folk beliefs, local customs, and culture and art.