水利学报
水利學報
수리학보
2014年
11期
1344-1351
,共8页
黄土高原%植被恢复%水资源%承载力
黃土高原%植被恢複%水資源%承載力
황토고원%식피회복%수자원%승재력
the Loess Plateau%revegetation%water resources%carrying capacity
针对黄土高原的水资源短缺、植被稀少、生态环境脆弱、水土流失严重等问题，根据黄土高原62个气象站1980—2008年气象数据，运用 Penman-Monteith模型和分段单值平均作物系数法，通过构建适合黄土高原植被蒸散量与需水量的模型，研究该地区不同植被类型需水量及其时空变化规律，估算在自然降水条件下的植被理论覆盖率，提出了在黄土高原区域植被恢复重建过程中可参考的水资源承载力。计算结果表明：黄土高原主要植被类型全生育期多年平均需水量分别为：刺槐林450~800 mm，油松林500~900 mm，紫花苜蓿300~600 mm，苹果400~700 mm。在有效的自然降水条件下，黄土高原各研究站点的林草植被理论覆盖率分别为：阔叶14%~65%，针叶13%~60%，草地7%~51%，经济林16%~64%。
針對黃土高原的水資源短缺、植被稀少、生態環境脆弱、水土流失嚴重等問題，根據黃土高原62箇氣象站1980—2008年氣象數據，運用 Penman-Monteith模型和分段單值平均作物繫數法，通過構建適閤黃土高原植被蒸散量與需水量的模型，研究該地區不同植被類型需水量及其時空變化規律，估算在自然降水條件下的植被理論覆蓋率，提齣瞭在黃土高原區域植被恢複重建過程中可參攷的水資源承載力。計算結果錶明：黃土高原主要植被類型全生育期多年平均需水量分彆為：刺槐林450~800 mm，油鬆林500~900 mm，紫花苜蓿300~600 mm，蘋果400~700 mm。在有效的自然降水條件下，黃土高原各研究站點的林草植被理論覆蓋率分彆為：闊葉14%~65%，針葉13%~60%，草地7%~51%，經濟林16%~64%。
침대황토고원적수자원단결、식피희소、생태배경취약、수토류실엄중등문제，근거황토고원62개기상참1980—2008년기상수거，운용 Penman-Monteith모형화분단단치평균작물계수법，통과구건괄합황토고원식피증산량여수수량적모형，연구해지구불동식피류형수수량급기시공변화규률，고산재자연강수조건하적식피이론복개솔，제출료재황토고원구역식피회복중건과정중가삼고적수자원승재력。계산결과표명：황토고원주요식피류형전생육기다년평균수수량분별위：자괴림450~800 mm，유송림500~900 mm，자화목숙300~600 mm，평과400~700 mm。재유효적자연강수조건하，황토고원각연구참점적림초식피이론복개솔분별위：활협14%~65%，침협13%~60%，초지7%~51%，경제림16%~64%。
To solve the problems concerning the shortage of water resources, sparse vegetation, fragile eco-environment, water loss and soil erosion in the Loess Plateau, a simulation model for evapotranspira?tion and vegetation water requirement were set up with meteorological data of 62 weather stations from 1980 to 2008 and by the Penman-Monteith Model and single crop coefficient method in the Loess Plateau. The reference evapotranspiration (ET0), different types of vegetation water requirement (ETc) and the spa?tial distribution, theoretical vegetation coverage and potential assessment of grain productivity under precipi?tation were studied in the Loess Plateau, which focused on the water resources carrying capacity for vegeta?tion restoration or rehabilitation. The results show that the annual ETc of Robinia pseudoacacia, Pinus tabu?laeformis, Medicago sativa, Malus pumila were 450 ~ 800 mm, 500 ~ 900 mm, 300 ~ 600 mm, 400 ~ 700 mm respectively from 1980 to 2008. The theoretical vegetation coverage of broad-leaved trees, needle trees,grass and fruit trees are 14%~65%,13%~60%,7%~51% and 16%~64% respectively.
