CAJ | 학술논문

通过对流域梯级开发方案的优化调整来减缓水库低温水累积效应对水生态系统的不利影响，是流域规划时需要考虑的重要问题。本文以新疆开都河中游河段水电规划为例，采用水库水温数学模型，分析单库规模、梯级电站布置、电站开发时序等变化对水库水温分布和下泄水温的影响，探讨开都河中游上段河段“一库三级”和“一库四级”梯级开发方案引起的水温累积影响变化。定量计算分析表明：（1）单库的库容增加、正常蓄水位增高，水库规模越大引起的低温水下泄影响越大；（2）四级与三级开发方案引起的低温水累积影响最大水温降幅分别为4.8℃和4.6℃，梯级电站数目多的梯级开发方案引起的低温水累积影响较大；（3）水库规模大、调节能力高的龙头水库阿仁萨很托亥对开都河水温累积影响起着重要的控制作用，无龙头水库的梯级开发状态下，各级水库对水温累积是正效应作用；龙头水库建成后，其下游各级水库对水温累积是负效应作用，至察汗乌苏水库下泄低温水与天然水温的最大温差从无龙头水库的2.3℃加大至4.5℃。研究成果认为流域水电梯级开发的水温累积影响显著，梯级电站布置个数和控制性水库工程对水温累积效应起到决定性作用。
통과대류역제급개발방안적우화조정래감완수고저온수루적효응대수생태계통적불리영향，시류역규화시수요고필적중요문제。본문이신강개도하중유하단수전규화위례，채용수고수온수학모형，분석단고규모、제급전참포치、전참개발시서등변화대수고수온분포화하설수온적영향，탐토개도하중유상단하단“일고삼급”화“일고사급”제급개발방안인기적수온루적영향변화。정량계산분석표명：（1）단고적고용증가、정상축수위증고，수고규모월대인기적저온수하설영향월대；（2）사급여삼급개발방안인기적저온수루적영향최대수온강폭분별위4.8℃화4.6℃，제급전참수목다적제급개발방안인기적저온수루적영향교대；（3）수고규모대、조절능력고적룡두수고아인살흔탁해대개도하수온루적영향기착중요적공제작용，무룡두수고적제급개발상태하，각급수고대수온루적시정효응작용；룡두수고건성후，기하유각급수고대수온루적시부효응작용，지찰한오소수고하설저온수여천연수온적최대온차종무룡두수고적2.3℃가대지4.5℃。연구성과인위류역수전제급개발적수온루적영향현저，제급전참포치개수화공제성수고공정대수온루적효응기도결정성작용。
In order to mitigate the adverse impact of low-temperature discharge from reservoirs on aquatic ecosystems, it is necessary to consider the optimization and regulation of cascade hydropower development program in river basin planning. Taking the hydropower planning of the midstream of the Kaidu River in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as an example, the thermal structure and outflow temperature is simulated by using reservoir water temperature model. The effects of adjustment of the reservoir scale and the layout and development timing of cascade power station are studied. The changes of the cumulative ef?fects on water temperature between“one-reservoir with three-stage development project”and“one-reservoir with four-stage development project”for upside reach of the midstream in Kaidu River are discussed. The quantitative results show that:(1) Increased storage capacity or normal water level of a reservoir,the larg?er scale of reservoir is, the more effects on water temperature are caused. (2) The most decline of low-temperature caused by four-stage or three-stage development project is 4.8 ℃ and 4.6 ℃ respectively, the more hydropower stations in cascade development project the more effects on water temperature are accu?mulated. (3) Being the leading reservoir, Arensahentuohai Reservoir with big scale and high regulation plays an important role in controlling the cumulative effects on water temperature in Kaidu River. Without the leading reservoir, all levels of the reservoir has a positive effect on cumulative effects;while with the leading reservoir, the cumulative effect turn to the passive one, increasing the maximum temperature differ?ence between the release temperature and the natural river water temperature from 2.3 ℃ to 4.5 ℃ at the most downstream Chahanwusu Reservoir. The research results indicate that hydropower cascade development in river basin has obvious cumulative effects on water temperature, and the number of cascade hydropower stations and the controlled reservoir play a decisive role for the cumulative effect on water temperature.