CAJ | 학술논문

以江苏26个水稻高产创建示范县为对象,对水稻田产量及群体结构的典型田块进行调查。将水稻生产要素(种植地点、品种、播期、种植方式)类型相近或相同的田块按产量分成高产田(I,>10.5 t hm–2)、中产田(II,9.0~10.5 t hm–2)、低产田(III,<9.0 t hm–2)3个等级,比较其产量结构、空间分布均衡性等群体指标。结果表明：(1)高产田的颖花数、穗数、穗粒数均有显著优势；不同类型田块在行距、穴距、单位面积穴数等空间配置上差异未达显著水平。(2)不同产量水平田块单穴穗数整齐度差异显著；产量与单穴穗数整齐度呈极显著正相关(r=0.436**,2009； r=0.441**,2010)。(3)顶部叶片长度增加有利于总粒数的增加,但易降低结实率,尤其是下位叶。表明提高单穴穗数整齐度和穗粒数整齐度,是协调水稻穗数、穗粒数和粒重三者矛盾的有效途径；也是江苏大面积均衡增产的有效途径。
이강소26개수도고산창건시범현위대상,대수도전산량급군체결구적전형전괴진행조사。장수도생산요소(충식지점、품충、파기、충식방식)류형상근혹상동적전괴안산량분성고산전(I,>10.5 t hm–2)、중산전(II,9.0~10.5 t hm–2)、저산전(III,<9.0 t hm–2)3개등급,비교기산량결구、공간분포균형성등군체지표。결과표명：(1)고산전적영화수、수수、수립수균유현저우세；불동류형전괴재행거、혈거、단위면적혈수등공간배치상차이미체현저수평。(2)불동산량수평전괴단혈수수정제도차이현저；산량여단혈수수정제도정겁현저정상관(r=0.436**,2009； r=0.441**,2010)。(3)정부협편장도증가유리우총립수적증가,단역강저결실솔,우기시하위협。표명제고단혈수수정제도화수립수정제도,시협조수도수수、수립수화립중삼자모순적유효도경；야시강소대면적균형증산적유효도경。
An experiment was conducted in a large area of representative fields in 26 high-yielding rice demonstration counties of Jiangsu Province with mechanical transplanting in 2009 and 2010. Fields planted with the same site, cultivar, sowing date and management were divided into three types based on the grain yield, including high grain yield fields (I, > 10.5 t ha–1), middle grain yield fields (II, 9.0-10.5 t ha–1) and low grain yield fields (III, < 9.0 t ha–1). Characteristics of yield components and the balance of plants space distribution were compared among the three types. The result showed that high-yielding fields had sig-nificantly higher spikelets per m2, panicles per m2, spikelets per panicle than the other types. There were no significant differences in spacing characteristics, which mainly includes row spacing, holes spacing and panicles per hole. There was significant differ-ence in the uniformity of panicles per hole among different types. There was significantly positive correlation between the uni-formity of panicles per hole and grain yield (r=0.436**, 2009; r=0.441**, 2010). Lengths of the top leaves were beneficial to the spikelets per panicle, but could decrease the grain-filling. These results suggested that it is an effective way to resolve the con-tradiction among rice yield components by improving the uniformity of panicle per m2 and spikelets per panicle. It is also a right way to improve grain yield of rice transplanted by machine in a large area of Jiangsu Province.