CAJ | 학술논문

在长江流域麦棉两熟制条件下,以 Bt 转基因抗虫棉为材料,设置不同秸秆还田量(4500 kg hm–2和9000 kg hm–2,即半量还田和全量还田)与施钾量(K2O,150 kg hm–2和300 kg hm–2)田间定位试验,研究小麦秸秆还田对棉花产量和主要养分吸收累积的影响及其与化肥钾的差异。结果表明,在施用氮磷肥的基础上,与对照相比,秸秆全量还田处理显著提高了铃数、铃重和皮棉产量,还田第2年和第3年产量增长率分别达143.5%和93.7%；显著提高了各生育时期尤其是吐絮期生物量和氮磷钾养分吸收量,延缓了棉花衰老。秸秆还田对钾吸收的促进效应大于氮磷,还田第3年棉株钾累积总量较对照增加335.1%,每生产100 kg 皮棉钾吸收比例增大112.1%。秸秆全量还田处理(K2O,约折合150 kg hm–2)促进养分吸收、防止早衰及增产效应均显著大于秸秆半量还田处理,但显著低于施钾量(K2O)300 kg hm–2处理,与施钾量(K2O)150 kg hm–2处理的增产效果相当,但养分吸收量较150 kg K2O hm–2处理下降。
재장강류역맥면량숙제조건하,이 Bt 전기인항충면위재료,설치불동갈간환전량(4500 kg hm–2화9000 kg hm–2,즉반량환전화전량환전)여시갑량(K2O,150 kg hm–2화300 kg hm–2)전간정위시험,연구소맥갈간환전대면화산량화주요양분흡수루적적영향급기여화비갑적차이。결과표명,재시용담린비적기출상,여대조상비,갈간전량환전처리현저제고료령수、령중화피면산량,환전제2년화제3년산량증장솔분별체143.5%화93.7%；현저제고료각생육시기우기시토서기생물량화담린갑양분흡수량,연완료면화쇠로。갈간환전대갑흡수적촉진효응대우담린,환전제3년면주갑루적총량교대조증가335.1%,매생산100 kg 피면갑흡수비례증대112.1%。갈간전량환전처리(K2O,약절합150 kg hm–2)촉진양분흡수、방지조쇠급증산효응균현저대우갈간반량환전처리,단현저저우시갑량(K2O)300 kg hm–2처리,여시갑량(K2O)150 kg hm–2처리적증산효과상당,단양분흡수량교150 kg K2O hm–2처리하강。
A three-year stationary experiment with treatments of wheat straw (4500 kg ha–1 and 9000 kg ha–1) mulching and K fertilizer (150 kg K2O ha–1 and 300 kg K2O ha–1) application was conducted using insect-resistant cotton under wheat-cotton dou-ble cropping system in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River (Nanjing). The results showed that compared with control (without K fertilizer and wheat straw returning), total wheat straw returning significantly increased boll number, boll weight and lint yield of cotton with lint yield increasing rate of 143.5% and 93.7% in the second and third years after straw returning, respectively. Bio-mass and nutrients absorption at different growth stages were significantly improved by total wheat straw returning, especially in the boll opening stage, and the senescence of vegetative organs was delayed. Wheat straw returning promoted K absorption much greater than N and P absorption. Compared with control, total K uptake by cotton plant and K uptake per 100 kg lint increased by 335.1% and 112.1% respectively in the third year after straw returning. The treatment of total wheat straw returning much pro-moted nutrients uptake, yield, and delaying premature senescence than the treatment of half wheat straw returning, while signifi-cantly less than the treatment of 300 kg K2O ha–1. The yield-increasing effect was equal but the nutrients uptake per 100 kg lint was less in the treatment of total wheat straw returning than in the treatment of 150 kg K2O ha–1.