作物学报
作物學報
작물학보
ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA
2014年
12期
2149-2159
,共11页
王晓燕%韦还和%张洪程%孙健%张建民%李超%陆惠斌%杨筠文%马荣荣%许久夫%王珏%许跃进%孙玉海
王曉燕%韋還和%張洪程%孫健%張建民%李超%陸惠斌%楊筠文%馬榮榮%許久伕%王玨%許躍進%孫玉海
왕효연%위환화%장홍정%손건%장건민%리초%륙혜빈%양균문%마영영%허구부%왕각%허약진%손옥해
甬优 12%超高产%群体特征
甬優 12%超高產%群體特徵
용우 12%초고산%군체특정
Yongyou 12%Super-high yielding%Population characteristics
以籼粳交超级稻甬优12为试材、四叶一心期带蘖小苗移栽,超稀植(12.45×104穴 hm–2)栽培,对高产(10.5~12.0 t hm–2)、更高产(12.0~13.5 t hm–2)、超高产(>13.5 t hm–2)3个产量群体的产量及其结构、茎蘖动态、叶面积动态及干物质的积累与运转等进行了系统比较研究。结果表明,产量由高产(10.5~12.0 t hm–2)到更高产(12.0~13.5 t hm–2)再到超高产(>13.5 t hm–2),群体的颖花量不断提高,结实率和千粒重略微下降。与高产和更高产群体相比,超高产群体茎蘖数起点较高,在有效分蘖临界叶龄期及时够苗,至拔节期群体茎蘖数稳步增长,达高峰苗,此后群体茎蘖数平缓下降,成穗率近60%；群体叶面积指数生育前期较小,最大值出现在孕穗期,为9.17,此后平缓下降,成熟期在4.0以上；群体干物质积累量在拔节期略低,此后各生育时期均升高,抽穗期为14.38 t hm–2,抽穗至成熟期为9.73 t hm–2,成熟期为24.11 t hm–2；群体根系干重、根冠比及单茎伤流强度在后期(抽穗至成熟期)均较高。
以秈粳交超級稻甬優12為試材、四葉一心期帶蘗小苗移栽,超稀植(12.45×104穴 hm–2)栽培,對高產(10.5~12.0 t hm–2)、更高產(12.0~13.5 t hm–2)、超高產(>13.5 t hm–2)3箇產量群體的產量及其結構、莖蘗動態、葉麵積動態及榦物質的積纍與運轉等進行瞭繫統比較研究。結果錶明,產量由高產(10.5~12.0 t hm–2)到更高產(12.0~13.5 t hm–2)再到超高產(>13.5 t hm–2),群體的穎花量不斷提高,結實率和韆粒重略微下降。與高產和更高產群體相比,超高產群體莖蘗數起點較高,在有效分蘗臨界葉齡期及時夠苗,至拔節期群體莖蘗數穩步增長,達高峰苗,此後群體莖蘗數平緩下降,成穗率近60%；群體葉麵積指數生育前期較小,最大值齣現在孕穗期,為9.17,此後平緩下降,成熟期在4.0以上；群體榦物質積纍量在拔節期略低,此後各生育時期均升高,抽穗期為14.38 t hm–2,抽穗至成熟期為9.73 t hm–2,成熟期為24.11 t hm–2；群體根繫榦重、根冠比及單莖傷流彊度在後期(抽穗至成熟期)均較高。
이선갱교초급도용우12위시재、사협일심기대얼소묘이재,초희식(12.45×104혈 hm–2)재배,대고산(10.5~12.0 t hm–2)、경고산(12.0~13.5 t hm–2)、초고산(>13.5 t hm–2)3개산량군체적산량급기결구、경얼동태、협면적동태급간물질적적루여운전등진행료계통비교연구。결과표명,산량유고산(10.5~12.0 t hm–2)도경고산(12.0~13.5 t hm–2)재도초고산(>13.5 t hm–2),군체적영화량불단제고,결실솔화천립중략미하강。여고산화경고산군체상비,초고산군체경얼수기점교고,재유효분얼림계협령기급시구묘,지발절기군체경얼수은보증장,체고봉묘,차후군체경얼수평완하강,성수솔근60%；군체협면적지수생육전기교소,최대치출현재잉수기,위9.17,차후평완하강,성숙기재4.0이상；군체간물질적루량재발절기략저,차후각생육시기균승고,추수기위14.38 t hm–2,추수지성숙기위9.73 t hm–2,성숙기위24.11 t hm–2；군체근계간중、근관비급단경상류강도재후기(추수지성숙기)균교고。
Using indica-japonica super rice Yongyou 12, by transplanting seedlings with tillers at the age of four leaves with one leaf bud and applying super sparse cultivation technology, we compared and studied grain yield and its components, tiller dynamic, leaf area dynamic and accumulation dynamic of dry matter in three types of populations (high yield: 10.5–12.0 t ha–1; higher yield:12.0–13.5 t ha–1; super-high yield: >13.5 t ha–1). The results showed that super-high yielding rice had more population spikelets, and slightly lower seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight than high yielding and higher yielding rice. Compared with high yield-ing and higher yielding rice, super-high yielding rice showed more number of stems and tillers at transplanting stage and achieved the expected number of stems and tillers at the critical leaf-age for productive tillers. During jointing stage the number of stems and tillers increased steadily and up to the maximum with a panicle rate of nearly 60%. The leaf area index of super-high yielding rice was relatively smaller at the early stage and the maximum of 9.17 at booting stage, and then slowly declined to more than 4.0 at maturity; the dry matter weight was relatively smaller at jointing stage and then the highest at each phase of the super-high yielding rice, which was 14.38 t ha–1 at heading stage, 9.73 t ha–1 from heading to maturity stage, and 24.11 t ha–1 at maturity stage. The root dry weight, ratio of root to shoot and root bleeding intensity per stem of the super-high yielding rice population were all the highest from heading to maturity stages.
