CAJ | 학술논문

家禽的性别一般可以通过翻肛法或其他常规方法进行。翻肛方法对个体的应激较大，而且鹅、鸽等家禽进行翻肛鉴定错误率较高。本研究针对禽类性染色体上的染色质解螺旋蛋白DNA结合蛋白1(chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1, CHD1)基因，设计了一对引物gCHD，对鸡(Gallus gallus)、鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)、鹅(Anser anser)和鸽(Columba livia)的性染色体CHD1基因进行PCR扩增。扩增结果显示，雄性禽类只有一条带，雌性禽类有两条带，其中较长的带与雄性的条带位置相同。对扩增产物进行克隆测序，序列分析结果表明，较长的条带序列位于Z染色体，命名为CHD1-Z条带；较短的条带序列位于W染色体，命名为CHD1-W带。在鉴定的4个禽类物种中，CHD1-Z条带与CHD1-W条带大小相差均为150 bp左右，其缺失的序列位于内含子中。结果表明，设计的gCHD引物可以作为禽类的通用引物，通过扩增产物凝胶电泳后的条带数目可快速、准确地鉴定禽类的性别。该方法可以提前鉴定出禽类的性别，提高养殖效率；而且为特定性别的胚胎研究提供了可靠的性别鉴定手段。
가금적성별일반가이통과번항법혹기타상규방법진행。번항방법대개체적응격교대，이차아、합등가금진행번항감정착오솔교고。본연구침대금류성염색체상적염색질해라선단백DNA결합단백1(chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1, CHD1)기인，설계료일대인물gCHD，대계(Gallus gallus)、압(Anas platyrhynchos)、아(Anser anser)화합(Columba livia)적성염색체CHD1기인진행PCR확증。확증결과현시，웅성금류지유일조대，자성금류유량조대，기중교장적대여웅성적조대위치상동。대확증산물진행극륭측서，서렬분석결과표명，교장적조대서렬위우Z염색체，명명위CHD1-Z조대；교단적조대서렬위우W염색체，명명위CHD1-W대。재감정적4개금류물충중，CHD1-Z조대여CHD1-W조대대소상차균위150 bp좌우，기결실적서렬위우내함자중。결과표명，설계적gCHD인물가이작위금류적통용인물，통과확증산물응효전영후적조대수목가쾌속、준학지감정금류적성별。해방법가이제전감정출금류적성별，제고양식효솔；이차위특정성별적배태연구제공료가고적성별감정수단。
Poultry sex can be identified by anal swelling or other conventional methods. However, there's a problem that individuals can be injured effortlessly by anal swelling and with higher error rate for geese and pigeons especially. A new pair of primers named gCHD was designed in this study aiming at chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1 (CHD1) gene which links to sex of poultries and CHD1 fragments of chickens (Gallus gallus), ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), geese (Anser anser) and pigeons (Columba livia) were amplified. Via agarose gel electrophoresis, the production showed one band for male individuals and two bands for female individuals with the longer band location similar to band of males. Cloning sequence of production and sequence alignments between productions of chickens showed that the longer bands was located in Z chromosome and the shorter bands in W chromosome, named CHD1-Z and CHD1-W, respectively. In these 4 identified species, the length of CHD1-W was about 150 bp shorter than that of CHD1-Z, and the deficiency was in the 14th intron for CHD1-Z mRNA and in the 7th intron as to CHD1-W mRNA. Compared to molecular method, the correct rate of anal swelling measure for chickens, ducks, geese and pigeons were 100%, 93.75%, 87.50% and 87.50%, respectively. These results indicated that the new pair of primers gCHD could be the powerful universal primers to identify sex of poultry by counting the number of bands different between 2 sexes of poultry. This molecular sexing method can not only identify the sexes of poultry in advance for enhancing cultivation efficiency, but also provides a reliable sexing tool for specific study on specific gender of embryos.