CAJ | 학술논문

太湖地区有丰富的粳稻(Oryza satiua ssp. japonica)种植资源，随着品种大面积推广应用，育种材料的遗传基础趋窄，相似性增高，使粳稻育种突破困难。本研究利用分布于水稻(Oryza satiua L.)12条染色体上的24对简单重复序列(simple sequence repeat, SSR)引物对太湖地区的42份粳稻品种进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明，有23对SSR引物在42份粳稻材料间表现出多态性；23对引物共检测到105个等位基因，每对SSR引物检测到等位基因为2~8个，平均为4.57个，有效等位基因共有56.43个，平均每个位点为2.45个。每个多态位点的多态信息含量(polymorphism information content, PIC)变幅为0.0830~0.8079，平均为0.4966；每个粳稻材料多态性位点数的变幅为6~19，等位基因总数的变幅为27~55；42份粳稻品种间的遗传相似系数变幅为0.391~0.990，平均为0.610，遗传相似系数在0.50~0.80之间的材料占全部的74.45%，供试材料相似度高；非加权配对算术平均法(unweighed pair group method with arithmetic mean；UPGMA)聚类结果显示，遗传相似系数为0.50，42份粳稻材料可以分为两个类群，一个类群包含19份常规粳稻，另一个类群包括其他23份杂交粳稻。结果显示，太湖地区的粳稻品种总体上遗传背景相似度高，遗传多样性不够丰富，育种工作有待进一步加强新的基因资源引进和利用，创新水稻育种材料。本研究结果为新品种选育提供技术支持和理论根据。
태호지구유봉부적갱도(Oryza satiua ssp. japonica)충식자원，수착품충대면적추엄응용，육충재료적유전기출추착，상사성증고，사갱도육충돌파곤난。본연구이용분포우수도(Oryza satiua L.)12조염색체상적24대간단중복서렬(simple sequence repeat, SSR)인물대태호지구적42빈갱도품충진행유전다양성분석。결과표명，유23대SSR인물재42빈갱도재료간표현출다태성；23대인물공검측도105개등위기인，매대SSR인물검측도등위기인위2~8개，평균위4.57개，유효등위기인공유56.43개，평균매개위점위2.45개。매개다태위점적다태신식함량(polymorphism information content, PIC)변폭위0.0830~0.8079，평균위0.4966；매개갱도재료다태성위점수적변폭위6~19，등위기인총수적변폭위27~55；42빈갱도품충간적유전상사계수변폭위0.391~0.990，평균위0.610，유전상사계수재0.50~0.80지간적재료점전부적74.45%，공시재료상사도고；비가권배대산술평균법(unweighed pair group method with arithmetic mean；UPGMA)취류결과현시，유전상사계수위0.50，42빈갱도재료가이분위량개류군，일개류군포함19빈상규갱도，령일개류군포괄기타23빈잡교갱도。결과현시，태호지구적갱도품충총체상유전배경상사도고，유전다양성불구봉부，육충공작유대진일보가강신적기인자원인진화이용，창신수도육충재료。본연구결과위신품충선육제공기술지지화이론근거。
The japonica rice (Oryza satiua ssp. japonica) resources are rich in Taihu area. Along with large-scale popularization of rice varieties, the genetic basis of breeding material is became narrower and the genetic similarity is increased, thus the japonica rice breeding has became more difficult. Genetic diversity of 42 japonica rice varieties, collected from Taihu area, was analyzed by 24 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers. The SSR primers were located at 12 rice chromosomes, and 2 pairs of SSR primers were selected at each chromosome. The results showed that 23 pairs of SSR primers performed polymorphism in the 42 materials. A total of 105 alleles loci were detected among 42 varieties using the 23 pairs of SSR primers. The average number of detected alleles by each primer pair was 4.57 with a range from 2 to 8. The effective alleles were 56.43 with average 2.45. The value of allelic polymorphism information content (PIC) varied widely from 0.083 0 to 0.807 9 with an average value of 0.496 6. The number of polymorphic loci each variety ranged from 6 to 19, and the number of allele loci ranged from 27 to 55. The genetic similarity coefficient of SSR markers among 42 japonica rice varieties ranged from 0.391 to 0.990, with average 0.610, and the genetic similarity coefficient of 74.45% tested materials ranged from 0.50 to 0.80. Furthermore, the UPGMA(unweight pair group method with arithmetic mean) clustering analysis at the genetic similarity value of 0.50 grouped the 42 japonica rice varieties into two groups. The 19 conventional japonica rice varieties could be grouped, and they were divided into 2 subgroups at the level of genetic similarity coefficient 0.58. Another group was composed of the 23 japonica hybrid rice varieties, and it also was divided into two subgroups at the level of genetic similarity coefficient 0.70. Based on the all analysis, it was concluded that the genetic background comparability of the japonica rice varieties in Taihu area was high and the diversity was low. Therefore, introducing and making use of the new genetic resources and creating breeding materials should be strengthened. The genetic diversity of japonica rice based on SSR markers can provide technical support and theoretical basis for breeding new rice varieties in Taihu area.