CAJ | 학술논문

线粒体基因组(mitochondrial genome, mtDNA)具有进化速率快、多态性丰富、无重组、母系遗传等特点，是开展群体遗传学、系统发育学、分子生态学、分类学等研究的理想分子标记。本研究根据鸿雁(Anser cygnoides)同属近缘物种豆雁(Anser fabalis)线粒体全基因组序列(EU009397.1)设计引物，采用直接测序技术对鸿雁线粒体基因组全序列进行了综合分析，结果显示，鸿雁线粒体基因组序列(GenBank登录号：KJ124555)全长16739 bp，包含22个tRNA、2个rRNA基因、13种蛋白质编码基因和一个D-loop区。碱基组成T占22.49%，C占32.24%，A占30.21%，G占15.06%，无明显的AT偏好性。22种tRNA都为典型的三叶草结构，参照原鸡(Gallus gallus)、黑尾地鸦(Podoces hendersoni)的12SrRNA，对鸿雁12SrRNA的二级结构进行了预测，含有4个结构域、37个茎环和13个突出部。对D-loop控制区序列分析发现，含有LSP/HSP、ETAS1-2、Goose hairpin、E-box、F-box、D-box、C-box、Bird similarity-box、CSB1-box、CSB-like和OH。以原鸡作为外群，采用邻接法(N-J)和最大拟然法(ML)算法以及贝叶斯法，基于线粒体基因组全序列分别构建系统进化树，结果显示，鸿雁与灰雁(Anser anser)、豆雁(Anser fabalis)、白额雁(Anser albifrons)和加拿大黑雁(Branta canadensis)处于一个分支，亲缘关系较近。该研究结果丰富了鸭科线粒体基因组全序列，为研究鸿雁的系统发生和分子进化研究以及种质资源保护和合理利用提供新的基础资料。
선립체기인조(mitochondrial genome, mtDNA)구유진화속솔쾌、다태성봉부、무중조、모계유전등특점，시개전군체유전학、계통발육학、분자생태학、분류학등연구적이상분자표기。본연구근거홍안(Anser cygnoides)동속근연물충두안(Anser fabalis)선립체전기인조서렬(EU009397.1)설계인물，채용직접측서기술대홍안선립체기인조전서렬진행료종합분석，결과현시，홍안선립체기인조서렬(GenBank등록호：KJ124555)전장16739 bp，포함22개tRNA、2개rRNA기인、13충단백질편마기인화일개D-loop구。감기조성T점22.49%，C점32.24%，A점30.21%，G점15.06%，무명현적AT편호성。22충tRNA도위전형적삼협초결구，삼조원계(Gallus gallus)、흑미지아(Podoces hendersoni)적12SrRNA，대홍안12SrRNA적이급결구진행료예측，함유4개결구역、37개경배화13개돌출부。대D-loop공제구서렬분석발현，함유LSP/HSP、ETAS1-2、Goose hairpin、E-box、F-box、D-box、C-box、Bird similarity-box、CSB1-box、CSB-like화OH。이원계작위외군，채용린접법(N-J)화최대의연법(ML)산법이급패협사법，기우선립체기인조전서렬분별구건계통진화수，결과현시，홍안여회안(Anser anser)、두안(Anser fabalis)、백액안(Anser albifrons)화가나대흑안(Branta canadensis)처우일개분지，친연관계교근。해연구결과봉부료압과선립체기인조전서렬，위연구홍안적계통발생화분자진화연구이급충질자원보호화합리이용제공신적기출자료。
Mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) has advantages in rapid evolution, rich polymorphism and maternally inheritance without gene recombinations, which has become an ideal molecular markers of population genetics, phylogenetics, molecular ecology and taxonomy. In this study, the primers were designed based on the mitochondrial genome sequence of Bean goose (Anser fabalis) which was a closely related species of Swan goose (Anser cygnoides). Swan goose mitochondrial genome sequence was analysed by direct sequencing techniques. The results showed that whole mitochondrial genome sequence was 16 739 bp (GenBank accession No. KJ124555) in Swan goose, including 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and a D-loop region. Base composition of T, C, A and G were 22.49%, 32.24%, 30.21%and 15.06%, respectively. Besides, the base preference of AT was not determined. 22 kinds of tRNA were all typically cloverleaf structures. Compared to 12SrRNA of Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) and Mongolian Ground Jay (Podoces hendersoni), we found the secondary structure of 12SrRNA included 4 domains, 37 stem-loops and 13 salients in the Swan goose, and LSP/HSP, ETAS1-2, goose hairpin, E-box, F-box, D-box, C-box, Bird similarity-box, CSB1-box, CSB-like and OH in the D-loop control region. Finally, taken Red Junglefowl as an outgroup, the phylogenetic tree was constructed based on mitochondrial genome sequences using Neighbor-joining (N-J) algorithm, Maxium-likelihood (ML) algorithm and Bayesian model. The results showed that Swan goose, Greylag goose, Bean goose, white-fronted goose and Canada goose had close genetic relationship. The findings enrich the ducks mitochondrial genome sequences and provide a theoretical basis for the study of geese phylogeny.