医学信息
醫學信息
의학신식
MEDICAL INFORMATION
2014年
36期
75-76
,共2页
宋江美%杨新会%马静敏%孔得娟%薛静静%翠翠%欧宁
宋江美%楊新會%馬靜敏%孔得娟%薛靜靜%翠翠%歐寧
송강미%양신회%마정민%공득연%설정정%취취%구저
感染病科%护理人员%职业暴露%危害因素
感染病科%護理人員%職業暴露%危害因素
감염병과%호리인원%직업폭로%위해인소
Department of infections disease%Nurses%occupational exposure%Hazardous factors
目的分析感染科护理人员职业暴露，发现职业防护过程中的问题，为干预研究及制定防护政策提供依据。方法自行设计感染科护理人员职业卫生状况调查问卷，对新疆地区12家医院感染科210名护理人员的职业卫生情况进行现况调查，分析感染科护理人员在护理工作中所面临的职业暴露方式、种类及其防护措施。结果消毒剂、抗菌药、血液等体液的暴露是研究对象暴露率最高的三种职业危害因素，暴露率分别为97.1%、91.4%和83.3%；暴露率最高的暴露方式依次为：无保护下折断安瓿87.1%、徒手处理污染锐器83.3%、双手回套针头套76.7%；其中麻醉废气及不戴口罩的暴露频率在不同年限感染科护理人员间存在统计学差异(<0.05)。而职业危害暴露后的防护率由高到低依次为：锐器损伤后立即处理占91.9%、了解患者的乙肝等血液传播性疾病的抗原/抗体状态占82.3%、曾接受肝炎疫苗注射占80%、曾经参加过职业防护培训占75.2%、定期检测肝炎抗体占65.2%、手部伤口接触乙、丙肝或HIV阳性体液后定期检测相应抗体占39%。结论加强与完善感染科护理行为中的监督与管理，是保证护理人员职业健康及减少感染暴露风险的有效途径。
目的分析感染科護理人員職業暴露，髮現職業防護過程中的問題，為榦預研究及製定防護政策提供依據。方法自行設計感染科護理人員職業衛生狀況調查問捲，對新疆地區12傢醫院感染科210名護理人員的職業衛生情況進行現況調查，分析感染科護理人員在護理工作中所麵臨的職業暴露方式、種類及其防護措施。結果消毒劑、抗菌藥、血液等體液的暴露是研究對象暴露率最高的三種職業危害因素，暴露率分彆為97.1%、91.4%和83.3%；暴露率最高的暴露方式依次為：無保護下摺斷安瓿87.1%、徒手處理汙染銳器83.3%、雙手迴套針頭套76.7%；其中痳醉廢氣及不戴口罩的暴露頻率在不同年限感染科護理人員間存在統計學差異(<0.05)。而職業危害暴露後的防護率由高到低依次為：銳器損傷後立即處理佔91.9%、瞭解患者的乙肝等血液傳播性疾病的抗原/抗體狀態佔82.3%、曾接受肝炎疫苗註射佔80%、曾經參加過職業防護培訓佔75.2%、定期檢測肝炎抗體佔65.2%、手部傷口接觸乙、丙肝或HIV暘性體液後定期檢測相應抗體佔39%。結論加彊與完善感染科護理行為中的鑑督與管理，是保證護理人員職業健康及減少感染暴露風險的有效途徑。
목적분석감염과호리인원직업폭로，발현직업방호과정중적문제，위간예연구급제정방호정책제공의거。방법자행설계감염과호리인원직업위생상황조사문권，대신강지구12가의원감염과210명호리인원적직업위생정황진행현황조사，분석감염과호리인원재호리공작중소면림적직업폭로방식、충류급기방호조시。결과소독제、항균약、혈액등체액적폭로시연구대상폭로솔최고적삼충직업위해인소，폭로솔분별위97.1%、91.4%화83.3%；폭로솔최고적폭로방식의차위：무보호하절단안부87.1%、도수처리오염예기83.3%、쌍수회투침두투76.7%；기중마취폐기급불대구조적폭로빈솔재불동년한감염과호리인원간존재통계학차이(<0.05)。이직업위해폭로후적방호솔유고도저의차위：예기손상후립즉처리점91.9%、료해환자적을간등혈액전파성질병적항원/항체상태점82.3%、증접수간염역묘주사점80%、증경삼가과직업방호배훈점75.2%、정기검측간염항체점65.2%、수부상구접촉을、병간혹HIV양성체액후정기검측상응항체점39%。결론가강여완선감염과호리행위중적감독여관리，시보증호리인원직업건강급감소감염폭로풍험적유효도경。
Objective To analyze the occupational hazardous factors among nurses in the department of infections diseases in Xinjiang in order to explore the prevention countermeasures.Methods 210 nurses from the department of infections diseases from 12 hospitals in Xinjiang were investigated by self-designed occupational health status questionnaires,the occupational hazardous factors and their protective measures were analyzed.Results The highest exposure rates among dif erent type of occupational exposure were contacting with sanitizer (97.1%),antiseptic (91.4%)and blood or body fluids from the patients with infectious diseases.The highest exposure rates among dif erent occupational exposure modes were breaking the ampoules without protection (87.1%),contacting with contaminative sharp instrument without protection (83.3%)and recapping extended of the needles (76.7%).The dif erent exposure rates of contacting with waste anesthetic gas and contacting with patients or contaminants without shelter mouth-muf les among nurses in dif erent working ages were significantly dif erent ( <0.05).The highest security protection rates after exposing to occupational hazard were dealing with the sharp instrument injury immediately(91.9%),knowing the patient's blood transmit ed diseases such as hepatitis B antigen/antibody(82.3%)and having received hepatitis B vaccine before (80%).Conclusion Strengthening and improving administration of nurse behavior in the department of infectious diseases is an ef icient way to ensure the occupational health of the nurses.
