CAJ | 학술논문

目的通过分析国家地震灾害紧急救援队从汶川地震废墟下成功救出49名幸存者的搜救特点,探讨狭窄空间救援与医疗救护的难点及对策.方法将国家地震灾害紧急救援队2008年5月12日至5月21日在地震现场搜救的49名幸存者,按照救援空间特点分成非狭窄空间组(n=17)与狭窄空间组(n=32),就受困时长、营救成功用时及现场急救开展时间进行回顾性分析.结果狭窄空间救援比例随时间的延长而增加；狭窄空间组和非狭窄空间组的营救成功用时中位数分别为4.48 h和1.38 h,现场急救展开时间中位数分别为0.89 h和0.10h,受困时长中位数分别为49.55 h和21.58 h.由平均秩次来看,狭窄空间组的营救成功用时、现场急救展开时间均长于非狭窄空间组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论狭窄空间救援是地震救援的难题,其现场急救开展时间长于非狭窄空间救援；把握地震伤情、采用适合狭窄空间救援的急救设备与技术,是降低幸存者伤残率、提高现场救援能力的重要条件.
목적 통과분석국가지진재해긴급구원대종문천지진폐허하성공구출49명행존자적수구특점,탐토협착공간구원여의료구호적난점급대책.방법 장국가지진재해긴급구원대2008년5월12일지5월21일재지진현장수구적49명행존자,안조구원공간특점분성비협착공간조(n=17)여협착공간조(n=32),취수곤시장、영구성공용시급현장급구개전시간진행회고성분석.결과 협착공간구원비례수시간적연장이증가；협착공간조화비협착공간조적영구성공용시중위수분별위4.48 h화1.38 h,현장급구전개시간중위수분별위0.89 h화0.10h,수곤시장중위수분별위49.55 h화21.58 h.유평균질차래간,협착공간조적영구성공용시、현장급구전개시간균장우비협착공간조,차이구유통계학의의(P＜0.05).결론 협착공간구원시지진구원적난제,기현장급구개전시간장우비협착공간구원；파악지진상정、채용괄합협착공간구원적급구설비여기술,시강저행존자상잔솔、제고현장구원능력적중요조건.
Objective To investigate the special problems about rescue in confined space to give medical aid to 49 survivors saved by National Earthquake Disaster Emergency Search and Rescue Team in Wenchuan earthquake in order to get invaluable experience for improving emergency medical service in such a difficult condition.Methods Forty-nine survivors saved from 12 to 21 May 2008 were divided into two groups:non-confined space group and confined space group.The trapped time of victim,length of time required for successful rescue of one case and the time of on-site first aid initiated were compared between these two groups.Results The ratio of confined space rescue case was increased with increase in length of time consumed for rescue.Of confined space group and non-confined space group,the median of the rescued time was 4.48 h and 1.38 h,respectively,and the median of the first aid time was 0.89 h and 0.10 h,respectively.The median of the trapped time in confined space group was 49.55 h and 21.58 h in non-confined space group.Comparison made between two groups with the average rank showed the time required for success rescue and the time elapsed for initiation of first aid in confined space group were longer than those in non-confined space group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The confined space rescue is a big challenge during earthquake rescue,and the time required for first aid carried out in confined space rescue was longer than non-confined space rescue.It is important to comprehend the seriousness of earthquake disaster and the difficult problems to rescue casualties beneath the ruined buildings.Therefore,the option of optimal devices and technology for emergency care should be made to fit the confined space rescue thereby reducing the disability ratio in survivors and increasing the success of on-site rescue.