CAJ | 학술논문

目的调查东莞地区儿童支气管哮喘(哮喘)的流行现状,分析与哮喘发病相关的危险因素,为本地区儿童哮喘防治工作提供流行病学依据.方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取东莞地区0 ～ 14岁儿童8 680人,进行初筛问卷调查,对可疑对象进行确诊,统计分析儿童哮喘的患病现状;采用病例-对照研究方法对哮喘发病危险因素进行研究,进行单因素分析和Logistic回归分析.结果东莞市0～14岁儿童哮喘患病率为3.27％,男、女患病率比为1.43∶1.00;哮喘患儿中,0～3岁和6～11岁年龄段儿童患病率最高,分别为4.57％和3.96％;首次发病以3岁内居多[141例(49.6％)],好发季节为换季时[110例(38.86％)],易发时间无规律者居多[109例(38.45％)],发作诱因最常见的为呼吸道感染[264例(92.96％)].通过对284例哮喘患儿及284例非哮喘儿童的病例-对照研究并对多种因素进行Logistic回归分析,结果显示,以下因素为儿童哮喘发生的独立危险因素:家族过敏史(OR =0.586,95％CI:0.353 ～0.927)、食物过敏史(OR=0.508,95％CI:0.306～0.843)、湿疹(OR=0.302,95％ CI:0.163～0.561)、荨麻疹(OR=0.292,95％CI:0.141～0.607)、婴幼儿期使用抗生素(OR =0.377,95％ CI:0.169 ～0.841),差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.001).结论东莞地区0～ 14岁儿童哮喘患病率为3.27％,高于全国水平.增加儿童抵抗力,积极预防呼吸道感染是本地区防治儿童哮喘发病的重要途径.
목적 조사동완지구인동지기관효천(효천)적류행현상,분석여효천발병상관적위험인소,위본지구인동효천방치공작제공류행병학의거.방법 채용정군수궤추양적방법,추취동완지구0 ～ 14세인동8 680인,진행초사문권조사,대가의대상진행학진,통계분석인동효천적환병현상;채용병례-대조연구방법대효천발병위험인소진행연구,진행단인소분석화Logistic회귀분석.결과 동완시0～14세인동효천환병솔위3.27％,남、녀환병솔비위1.43∶1.00;효천환인중,0～3세화6～11세년령단인동환병솔최고,분별위4.57％화3.96％;수차발병이3세내거다[141례(49.6％)],호발계절위환계시[110례(38.86％)],역발시간무규률자거다[109례(38.45％)],발작유인최상견적위호흡도감염[264례(92.96％)].통과대284례효천환인급284례비효천인동적병례-대조연구병대다충인소진행Logistic회귀분석,결과현시,이하인소위인동효천발생적독립위험인소:가족과민사(OR =0.586,95％CI:0.353 ～0.927)、식물과민사(OR=0.508,95％CI:0.306～0.843)、습진(OR=0.302,95％ CI:0.163～0.561)、담마진(OR=0.292,95％CI:0.141～0.607)、영유인기사용항생소(OR =0.377,95％ CI:0.169 ～0.841),차이균유통계학의의(P균＜0.001).결론 동완지구0～ 14세인동효천환병솔위3.27％,고우전국수평.증가인동저항력,적겁예방호흡도감염시본지구방치인동효천발병적중요도경.
Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of asthma and explore the risk factors of asthma in children of Dongguan,and to provide epidemiological evidence for prevention and treatment of childhood asthma.Methods A cluster random sampling survey of 8 680 children aged 0 to 14 years from Dongguan was conducted to finish the standardized screening questionnaire for diagnosis of suspicious objects.Asthmatic patients and suspect cases were screened out for further examination.Case-control study and Logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the association of asthma and risk factors.Results The total prevalence rate of asthma in children aged 0 to 14 from Dongguan was 3.27％,while prevalence ratio between male and female was 1.43 ∶ 1.00.Among asthmatic children,those aged 0 to 3 years and aged 6 to 11 years had the highest prevalence rates with 4.57％ and 3.96％,respectively.Of the 284 cases,141 (49.6％) had their first asthma attack before the age of 3 years,110 (38.86％) suffered from asthma during periods of seasonal change,while 109 (38.45％) had attacks with no obvious regularity of time,and 264 (62.96％) suffered from asthma caused by respiratory tract infection.The case-control study and Logistic regression analysis of the 284 asthma cases and 284 healthy children showed that independent risk factors for asthma in children were as follows:family history of allergy (OR =0.586,95 ％ CI:0.353-0.927),history of food allergies (OR =0.508,95 ％ CI:0.306-0.843),eczema (OR =0.302,95 ％ CI:0.163-0.561),urticarial (OR =0.292,95 ％ CI:0.141-0.607),use of antibiotics during infants and young children periods (OR =0.377,95％ CI:0.169-0.841),and the differences were all statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions The total prevalence rate of asthma in children aged 0 to 14 from Dongguan was 3.27％,which was higher than the national level.Increasing children's resistance and preventing respiratory infection actively is an important way for the prevention and cure of asthma.