中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志
中華眼視光學與視覺科學雜誌
중화안시광학여시각과학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY OPHTHALMOLOGY AND VISUAL SCIENCE
2012年
10期
637-640
,共4页
近视%正视化%屈光不正%周边视网膜屈光不正
近視%正視化%屈光不正%週邊視網膜屈光不正
근시%정시화%굴광불정%주변시망막굴광불정
Myopia%Emmetropization%Refractive error%Relative peripheral refractive error
在正视眼或者低度远视眼中,周边视网膜呈相对远视屈光状态者比周边视网膜呈相对近视屈光状态者更容易发展为近视眼.正视眼周边视网膜呈轻度相对近视屈光状态,未矫正的远视眼周边视网膜呈稍大程度的相对近视屈光状态,未矫正的近视眼周边视网膜呈轻度相对远视屈光状态或比正视眼程度轻的相对近视状态.这两种观点已经被学者广泛接受.动物实验也证明异常视觉信号不仅能引起中央视网膜屈光不正,也能改变眼球后极部眼球形态和周边视网膜相对屈光不正的类型,并且黄斑切除并不影响正视化过程.相反,周边视网膜能单独调控眼球正视化过程并能对异常视觉信号起作用进而发展为各种屈光不正.临床研究表明,矫正视网膜周边远视性离焦的框架镜片对近视眼进展能起到一定的控制作用.虽然,周边视网膜远视性离焦是否促进近视进展的确切原因还不能肯定,但目前的研究倾向于认为两者之间可能有某种关系.
在正視眼或者低度遠視眼中,週邊視網膜呈相對遠視屈光狀態者比週邊視網膜呈相對近視屈光狀態者更容易髮展為近視眼.正視眼週邊視網膜呈輕度相對近視屈光狀態,未矯正的遠視眼週邊視網膜呈稍大程度的相對近視屈光狀態,未矯正的近視眼週邊視網膜呈輕度相對遠視屈光狀態或比正視眼程度輕的相對近視狀態.這兩種觀點已經被學者廣汎接受.動物實驗也證明異常視覺信號不僅能引起中央視網膜屈光不正,也能改變眼毬後極部眼毬形態和週邊視網膜相對屈光不正的類型,併且黃斑切除併不影響正視化過程.相反,週邊視網膜能單獨調控眼毬正視化過程併能對異常視覺信號起作用進而髮展為各種屈光不正.臨床研究錶明,矯正視網膜週邊遠視性離焦的框架鏡片對近視眼進展能起到一定的控製作用.雖然,週邊視網膜遠視性離焦是否促進近視進展的確切原因還不能肯定,但目前的研究傾嚮于認為兩者之間可能有某種關繫.
재정시안혹자저도원시안중,주변시망막정상대원시굴광상태자비주변시망막정상대근시굴광상태자경용역발전위근시안.정시안주변시망막정경도상대근시굴광상태,미교정적원시안주변시망막정초대정도적상대근시굴광상태,미교정적근시안주변시망막정경도상대원시굴광상태혹비정시안정도경적상대근시상태.저량충관점이경피학자엄범접수.동물실험야증명이상시각신호불부능인기중앙시망막굴광불정,야능개변안구후겁부안구형태화주변시망막상대굴광불정적류형,병차황반절제병불영향정시화과정.상반,주변시망막능단독조공안구정시화과정병능대이상시각신호기작용진이발전위각충굴광불정.림상연구표명,교정시망막주변원시성리초적광가경편대근시안진전능기도일정적공제작용.수연,주변시망막원시성리초시부촉진근시진전적학절원인환불능긍정,단목전적연구경향우인위량자지간가능유모충관계.
It has been shown that emmetropic and low hyperopic eyes in which eyes with relative hyperopic peripheral refractive error may be at greater risk of developing myopia than those with similar refractions but relative myopic peripheral refractive errors.Emmetropic eyes show slightly relative myopic peripheral refractive errors; uncorrected hyperopic eyes show more significant relative myopic peripheral refractive errors.However,uncorrected myopes show slight relative hyperopic peripheral refractive errors or smaller myopic shifts in the periphery than emmetropes.These two ideas are widely accepted by scientists.Animal studies have proven that in addition to producing central refractive errors,abnormal visual signals can alter the shape of the posterior globe of the eye and the type of peripheral refractive errors.In addition,foveal ablation has little influence on emmetropization.On the contrary,the peripheral retina can regulate emmetropizing responses independently and produce refractive errors in response to abnormal visual experience.Clinical research has suggested that spectacles designed to correct peripheral hyperopic defocus could be of some help in controlling the progression of myopia.Whether peripheral hyperopic defocus can drive the development of myopia is uncertain but current studies support an interaction between relative peripheral refractive error and the progression of myopia.