CAJ | 학술논문

目的初步探讨是否能用直观方法识别毒蕈与易混淆可食蕈菌,为确定毒蕈中毒控制工作重点提供依据. 方法通过文献检索并结合专家意见筛选我国常见且危害较大毒蕈种类,比较我国部分常见毒草与易混淆可食蕈菌的宏观形态特征.野外采集蕈菌标本并进行宏观和微观的传统形态学鉴定.对文献、报刊报道和民间流传的毒蕈直观识别方法进行举例验证. 结果初步筛选出15种我国常见且危害较大毒蕈种类,根据专业书籍、文献和既往工作经验对其中部分种类和与其易混淆的可食蕈菌进行宏观形态特征比较,结果证明无法仅根据宏观形态特征鉴别毒蕈与可食蕈菌.对野外采集的12种蕈菌进行传统形态学鉴定(包括宏观和微观形态特征)的结果证明,蕈菌的鉴别必须由专业人员结合宏观和微观依据完成.对6种广泛流传的毒蕈直观识别方法进行举例验证的结果表明,其中任何一种方法均不能成为通用的毒蕈识别方法. 结论目前尚无通用直观毒蕈识别方法.毒蕈中毒控制工作应以毒蕈鉴定技术研究及纠正毒蕈识别误区为主.
목적 초보탐토시부능용직관방법식별독심여역혼효가식심균,위학정독심중독공제공작중점제공의거. 방법 통과문헌검색병결합전가의견사선아국상견차위해교대독심충류,비교아국부분상견독초여역혼효가식심균적굉관형태특정.야외채집심균표본병진행굉관화미관적전통형태학감정.대문헌、보간보도화민간류전적독심직관식별방법진행거례험증. 결과 초보사선출15충아국상견차위해교대독심충류,근거전업서적、문헌화기왕공작경험대기중부분충류화여기역혼효적가식심균진행굉관형태특정비교,결과증명무법부근거굉관형태특정감별독심여가식심균.대야외채집적12충심균진행전통형태학감정(포괄굉관화미관형태특정)적결과증명,심균적감별필수유전업인원결합굉관화미관의거완성.대6충엄범류전적독심직관식별방법진행거례험증적결과표명,기중임하일충방법균불능성위통용적독심식별방법. 결론 목전상무통용직관독심식별방법.독심중독공제공작응이독심감정기술연구급규정독심식별오구위주.
Objective To explore whether it would be possible to distinguish the poisonous mushrooms and the confusable edible mushrooms by visualized method and provide the basis for prevention and treatment of mushroom poisoning.Methods The types of dangerous poisonous mushrooms were confirmed by literature and experts' opinions.The macroscopical morphological features were compared between the common poisonous mushrooms and the edible mushrooms.The specimens of mushroom were field-collected and the macroscopical and microcosmic features were identified by traditional morphological method.The visualized identification methods of poisonous mushrooms reported in literature,books and periodicals,and circulated among the people were tested and verified with examples.Results Fifteen kinds of common and dangerous poisonous mushrooms were selected preliminarily.The macroscopical morphological features were compared between the common poisonous mushrooms and the confusable edible mushrooms according to the professional books,literature and the experience.The results of the abovementioned comparison proved that it was impossible to distinguish the poisonous mushrooms and the confusable edible mushrooms according to macroscopical morphological features only.The traditional morphological features (including both macroscopical and microcosmic features) of 12 kinds of fieldcollected mushroom species were identified.The results showed that the identification of mushroom's type must be completed by the taxonomic professionals according to the macroscopical and microcosmic features.The results of verification showed that none of the 6 kinds of visualized methods which were widely circulated could be used as general identification method of poisonous mushrooms.Conclusions There is no simple and general visualized identification method for poisonous mushrooms at present.The stress of control poisonous mushrooms poisoning should be put on the study of identifying technique and the correction of misunderstanding in identification of poisonous mushrooms.