CAJ | 학술논문

目的了解贵州省燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒病区主要氟污染来源.方法根据2000年贵州省地方性氟中毒流行病学调查结果,于2007年采用分层随机抽样方法,在氟斑牙流行强度为较显著(A类)和中等(B类)的病区各抽取4个县,每个县抽取3个乡,每个乡抽取3个村,每个村抽取30户,入户调查煤和拌煤黏土的使用量及比例,同时采集主要生活饮水、煤、拌煤黏土样品进行含氟量测定.结果 8个病区县生活饮用水含氟量在0.01～0.50 mg/L,平均0.13 mg/L,远低于国家生活饮用水卫生标准(GB 5749-2006).煤氟中位数为132.97 mg/kg,最低为23.62 mg/kg,最高达4269.19 mg/kg;黏土氟中位数为853.42 mg/kg,最低为53.93mg/kg,最高达4268.38 mg/kg;黏土氟是煤氟的6.4倍.煤对室内空气氟污染的贡献率平均为49.27%,其中有5个县的贡献率在50.00%以上,但有2个县拌煤黏土对室内空气氟污染的贡献率达到60.00%以上.结论煤及拌煤黏土都是贵州省地方性氟中毒病区主要氟污染来源;在现阶段的防治工作中,必须坚持采取以改良炉灶为主的综合防治措施.
목적 료해귀주성연매오염형지방성불중독병구주요불오염래원.방법 근거2000년귀주성지방성불중독류행병학조사결과,우2007년채용분층수궤추양방법,재불반아류행강도위교현저(A류)화중등(B류)적병구각추취4개현,매개현추취3개향,매개향추취3개촌,매개촌추취30호,입호조사매화반매점토적사용량급비례,동시채집주요생활음수、매、반매점토양품진행함불량측정.결과 8개병구현생활음용수함불량재0.01～0.50 mg/L,평균0.13 mg/L,원저우국가생활음용수위생표준(GB 5749-2006).매불중위수위132.97 mg/kg,최저위23.62 mg/kg,최고체4269.19 mg/kg;점토불중위수위853.42 mg/kg,최저위53.93mg/kg,최고체4268.38 mg/kg;점토불시매불적6.4배.매대실내공기불오염적공헌솔평균위49.27%,기중유5개현적공헌솔재50.00%이상,단유2개현반매점토대실내공기불오염적공헌솔체도60.00%이상.결론 매급반매점토도시귀주성지방성불중독병구주요불오염래원;재현계단적방치공작중,필수견지채취이개량로조위주적종합방치조시.
Objective To explore the source of fluoride in the key endemic regions of fluorosis induced by coal-burning pollution in Guizhou Province. Methods Based on the results of the investigation in the whole province in 2000, stratified and random sampling methods were adopted. Four counties in the A type endemic regions where the incidence of dental fluorosis was very high and 4 counties in the B type endemic regions where the incidence was moderate were chosen, and 3 towns of each county and 3 villages of each town were randomly taken as investigation fields in 2007. Thirty households of each village were investigated, and the contents of fuoride in the samples of drinking water, coal and clay were determined. Results The concentration of fluoride in the drinking water in endemic counties was 0.01-0.50 mg/L(average 0.13 mg/L), far lower than the National Standard(GB 5749-2006). The median content of fluoride in the coal was 132.97 mg/kg, the lowest was 23.62 mg/kg and the highest 4269.19 mg/kg. The median content of fluoride in the clay was 853.42 mg/kg, the lowest was 53.93 mg/kg and the highest 4268.38 mg/kg. The median content of fluoride in the clay was 6.4 times that of the coal. The contribution rate of the coal to the pollution of indoor air in the endemic counties investegated was 49.27% and it was above 50.00% in 5 counties. The rate of the clay was above 60.00% in 2 counties. Conclusions Both the coal and the clay are the sources of fluoride pollution in the endemic regions of Guizhou Province. It is strengthened that comprehensive countermeasures of installing and improving cooking stoves should be taken to control endemic fluorosis.