CAJ | 학술논문

目的评价学龄儿童尿碘水平的稳定性以及儿童尿碘水平对其父母尿碘水平的代表性,为碘缺乏病的监测与控制提供科学依据.方法在哈尔滨市区内和周边农村的小学校中,利用整群抽样方法,抽取8～ 10岁学龄儿童作为调查对象,于2011年9月份连续收集3d儿童的日间随意1次尿样,采用过硫酸铵消化-砷铈催化分光光度法检测尿碘.同时,进行富碘食品摄入情况问卷调查,内容主要涉及学龄儿童是否在采尿期间以及采尿前3d食用北方最常见的富碘食品,包括海带、紫菜、海苔等海产品,排除富碘食品摄入对尿碘稳定性的干扰,评价学龄儿童在外环境碘摄入相对稳定的前提下,尿碘浓度是否稳定.另外,进行入户调查,在农村同时采集37名儿童父母(25名父亲、33名母亲)日间1次随意尿样,检测尿碘浓度,探索在日常饮食相近的情况下,学龄儿童的尿碘水平能否代表其父母的尿碘水平;通过“三日称量法”分别调查30名城市儿童和37名农村儿童平均每日的盐摄入量,并且采集37名农村儿童家庭的食盐样品,采用砷铈催化分光光度法检测盐碘.结果在城市和农村调查点各有440、342名儿童在调查期问未受富碘食品干扰.城市儿童3d尿碘中位数分别为198、188、187 μg/L,组间比较差异无统计学意义(x2=1.7,P＞0.05);农村儿童3d尿碘中位数分别为257、232、202 μg/L,组问比较差异有统计学意义(x2=39.3,P＜ 0.01),且两两比较差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.01).城市和农村学龄儿童连续3d尿碘均＜100μg/L的稳定率分别为12.7％(7/55)和0(0/24),而＞300μg/L的稳定率分别为11.0％(8/73)和22.2％(28/126).37名儿童和其父、母的尿碘水平的Pearson相关结果表明,学龄儿童的尿碘水平与其父母的尿碘水平未呈现相关性[相关系数(r)分别为0.10和0.25,P均＞0.05].城市和农村学龄儿童的平均每日摄盐量分别为(64±2.0)、(6.6±3.4)g;农村儿童家庭盐碘含量为(25.7±10.8)mg/kg.结论在外环境碘摄入相对稳定的情况下,学龄儿童日间随意1次尿碘水平是波动的;另外,学龄儿童的日间随意1次尿碘水平不能很好地代表其父母尿碘水平.在评价人群碘营养方面需要进行多次监测,目标人群应覆盖多个群体,以便得到更全面、可靠的结果. 目的評價學齡兒童尿碘水平的穩定性以及兒童尿碘水平對其父母尿碘水平的代錶性,為碘缺乏病的鑑測與控製提供科學依據.方法在哈爾濱市區內和週邊農村的小學校中,利用整群抽樣方法,抽取8～ 10歲學齡兒童作為調查對象,于2011年9月份連續收集3d兒童的日間隨意1次尿樣,採用過硫痠銨消化-砷鈰催化分光光度法檢測尿碘.同時,進行富碘食品攝入情況問捲調查,內容主要涉及學齡兒童是否在採尿期間以及採尿前3d食用北方最常見的富碘食品,包括海帶、紫菜、海苔等海產品,排除富碘食品攝入對尿碘穩定性的榦擾,評價學齡兒童在外環境碘攝入相對穩定的前提下,尿碘濃度是否穩定.另外,進行入戶調查,在農村同時採集37名兒童父母(25名父親、33名母親)日間1次隨意尿樣,檢測尿碘濃度,探索在日常飲食相近的情況下,學齡兒童的尿碘水平能否代錶其父母的尿碘水平;通過“三日稱量法”分彆調查30名城市兒童和37名農村兒童平均每日的鹽攝入量,併且採集37名農村兒童傢庭的食鹽樣品,採用砷鈰催化分光光度法檢測鹽碘.結果在城市和農村調查點各有440、342名兒童在調查期問未受富碘食品榦擾.城市兒童3d尿碘中位數分彆為198、188、187 μg/L,組間比較差異無統計學意義(x2=1.7,P＞0.05);農村兒童3d尿碘中位數分彆為257、232、202 μg/L,組問比較差異有統計學意義(x2=39.3,P＜ 0.01),且兩兩比較差異有統計學意義(P均＜0.01).城市和農村學齡兒童連續3d尿碘均＜100μg/L的穩定率分彆為12.7％(7/55)和0(0/24),而＞300μg/L的穩定率分彆為11.0％(8/73)和22.2％(28/126).37名兒童和其父、母的尿碘水平的Pearson相關結果錶明,學齡兒童的尿碘水平與其父母的尿碘水平未呈現相關性[相關繫數(r)分彆為0.10和0.25,P均＞0.05].城市和農村學齡兒童的平均每日攝鹽量分彆為(64±2.0)、(6.6±3.4)g;農村兒童傢庭鹽碘含量為(25.7±10.8)mg/kg.結論在外環境碘攝入相對穩定的情況下,學齡兒童日間隨意1次尿碘水平是波動的;另外,學齡兒童的日間隨意1次尿碘水平不能很好地代錶其父母尿碘水平.在評價人群碘營養方麵需要進行多次鑑測,目標人群應覆蓋多箇群體,以便得到更全麵、可靠的結果.
목적 평개학령인동뇨전수평적은정성이급인동뇨전수평대기부모뇨전수평적대표성,위전결핍병적감측여공제제공과학의거.방법 재합이빈시구내화주변농촌적소학교중,이용정군추양방법,추취8～ 10세학령인동작위조사대상,우2011년9월빈련속수집3d인동적일간수의1차뇨양,채용과류산안소화-신시최화분광광도법검측뇨전.동시,진행부전식품섭입정황문권조사,내용주요섭급학령인동시부재채뇨기간이급채뇨전3d식용북방최상견적부전식품,포괄해대、자채、해태등해산품,배제부전식품섭입대뇨전은정성적간우,평개학령인동재외배경전섭입상대은정적전제하,뇨전농도시부은정.령외,진행입호조사,재농촌동시채집37명인동부모(25명부친、33명모친)일간1차수의뇨양,검측뇨전농도,탐색재일상음식상근적정황하,학령인동적뇨전수평능부대표기부모적뇨전수평;통과“삼일칭량법”분별조사30명성시인동화37명농촌인동평균매일적염섭입량,병차채집37명농촌인동가정적식염양품,채용신시최화분광광도법검측염전.결과 재성시화농촌조사점각유440、342명인동재조사기문미수부전식품간우.성시인동3d뇨전중위수분별위198、188、187 μg/L,조간비교차이무통계학의의(x2=1.7,P＞0.05);농촌인동3d뇨전중위수분별위257、232、202 μg/L,조문비교차이유통계학의의(x2=39.3,P＜ 0.01),차량량비교차이유통계학의의(P균＜0.01).성시화농촌학령인동련속3d뇨전균＜100μg/L적은정솔분별위12.7％(7/55)화0(0/24),이＞300μg/L적은정솔분별위11.0％(8/73)화22.2％(28/126).37명인동화기부、모적뇨전수평적Pearson상관결과표명,학령인동적뇨전수평여기부모적뇨전수평미정현상관성[상관계수(r)분별위0.10화0.25,P균＞0.05].성시화농촌학령인동적평균매일섭염량분별위(64±2.0)、(6.6±3.4)g;농촌인동가정염전함량위(25.7±10.8)mg/kg.결론 재외배경전섭입상대은정적정황하,학령인동일간수의1차뇨전수평시파동적;령외,학령인동적일간수의1차뇨전수평불능흔호지대표기부모뇨전수평.재평개인군전영양방면수요진행다차감측,목표인군응복개다개군체,이편득도경전면、가고적결과.
Objective To evaluate the stability of urinary iodine concentration(UIC) of school-age children and examine its representativeness for iodine nutritional status of their parents in order to provide a scientific basis for monitoring and control of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods A cluster sampling method was used,respectively,to recruit 748 and 640 children aged 8-10 in primary schools of Harbin city and surrounding rural areas.A random urine sample was collected once a day for three consecutive days in September 2011.Meanwhile,a parallel questionnaire survey was conducted about iodine-rich food (northern most common foods including kelp,seaweed and other seafood) intake status,during the urine sample collecting period and three days prior to the urine sample collection.UIC of those children,who consumed no iodine-rich food during the urine sample collecting period and three days prior to the urine sample collect ion,was measured by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry and analyzed in order to evaluate the stability of UIC of school-age children in three consecutive days under relatively constant dietary iodine intake.In addition,a household survey was carried out in rural areas; a random urine sample of 37 children's parents (25 fathers and 33 mothers) was collected once a day to measure UIC for exploring the representativeness of UIC of children for iodine nutritional status of their parents under daily similar diet.Average daily salt intake of 30 urban and 37 rural children was investigated by "three days weighing method",and 37 salt samples were collected from 37 families of children in rural areas to measure iodine concentration with the same method.Results There were 440 and 342 children who did not consume iodine-rich food in the urban and the rural survey sites,respectively.Under relatively constant dietary iodine intake,the medians urinary iodine of UIC of urban children in three consecutive days were 198,188 and 187 μg/L,and there was no statistically significant difference between groups (x2 =1.7,P ＞ 0.05) ; the medians urinary iodineof UIC of rural children were 257,232 and 202 μg/L,and there was a statistically significant difference between groups (x2 =39.3,P ＜ 0.01) ; after pairwise comparisons,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).Furthermore,the ratios of urban and rural schoolchildren with UIC measurement ＜ 100 μg/L in three consecutive days were 12.7％(7/55) and 0(0/24),respectively; while ＞ 300 μg/L were 11.0％(8/73) and 22.2％(28/126),respectively.Moreover,Pearson test showed that the correlation between UIC of children and their parents was very low (r =0.10 and 0.25,respectively).Besides,average daily salt intake of urban and rural children were (6.4 ± 2.0)g and (6.6 ± 3.4)g.Average iodine concentration in household salt samples was (25.7 ± 10.8)mg/kg.Conclusions UIC in school-age children under relatively constant dietary iodine intake is fluctuating.Besides,a random UIC of children is not a good representative of their parents.When assessing the iodine nutritional status,repeated investigation should be conducted in order to make results more reliable and comprehensive.