CAJ | 학술논문

目的总结并分析中国国家地震灾害紧急救援队医疗分队参加2013年四川芦山地震救援任务的经验,为提高与搜索、营救相结合的医疗救援能力提供借鉴.方法回顾性分析2013年4月21日至27日中国国家地震灾害紧急救援队参加四川芦山地震救援工作中,各医疗分队出队人员及医疗救护伤病员的资料.结果医疗分队由22人组成,其中2名管理人员,11名医生(急诊、关节四肢、脊柱、妇产、消化、心内、眼科、麻醉、救援医学、卫生防疫、检验11个专业),1名超声技师,5名护士,1名药剂师,1名医疗器械工程师及1名内勤宣传人员；22人中有2名心理咨询师,人员组成合理；从队内医疗保障、现场搜救医疗配合、安置区医疗点、巡诊、伤病员后送、心理干预、卫生防疫7个方面全面开展工作.医疗救援分队先后在24个乡镇完成救援及医疗巡诊,并在芦山太平镇、双石镇、宝兴县城建立3个医疗点开展医疗救治、高龄老人和儿童的心理干预、卫生防疫等,成功转运2名重伤员,诊治伤病员数千人次.伤员中以地震致软组织损伤、外伤以及呼吸道感染、腹泻、中暑病例为主.结论与2008年的四川汶川地震救援相比,芦山地震救援力量的集结与出动速度、灾区有序的交通管制以及灾区群众的自救互救使灾害所致伤亡降至最低.此次芦山地震灾区采取的与搜救相结合的医疗救援模式,体现了实施方式随救援阶段不同而转变,人员配比与救援任务相适应,工作重点与救援时间相结合.
목적 총결병분석중국국가지진재해긴급구원대의료분대삼가2013년사천호산지진구원임무적경험,위제고여수색、영구상결합적의료구원능력제공차감.방법 회고성분석2013년4월21일지27일중국국가지진재해긴급구원대삼가사천호산지진구원공작중,각의료분대출대인원급의료구호상병원적자료.결과 의료분대유22인조성,기중2명관리인원,11명의생(급진、관절사지、척주、부산、소화、심내、안과、마취、구원의학、위생방역、검험11개전업),1명초성기사,5명호사,1명약제사,1명의료기계공정사급1명내근선전인원；22인중유2명심리자순사,인원조성합리；종대내의료보장、현장수구의료배합、안치구의료점、순진、상병원후송、심리간예、위생방역7개방면전면개전공작.의료구원분대선후재24개향진완성구원급의료순진,병재호산태평진、쌍석진、보흥현성건립3개의료점개전의료구치、고령노인화인동적심리간예、위생방역등,성공전운2명중상원,진치상병원수천인차.상원중이지진치연조직손상、외상이급호흡도감염、복사、중서병례위주.결론 여2008년적사천문천지진구원상비,호산지진구원역량적집결여출동속도、재구유서적교통관제이급재구군음적자구호구사재해소치상망강지최저.차차호산지진재구채취적여수구상결합적의료구원모식,체현료실시방식수구원계단불동이전변,인원배비여구원임무상괄응,공작중점여구원시간상결합.
Objective To summarize and analyze the medical mission of China National Earthquake Disaster Emergency Search and Rescue Team (CNESAR) in Lushan earthquake,to promote the medical rescue effectiveness incorporated with search and rescue.Methods Retrospective analysis of medical work data by CNESAR from April 21th,2013 to April 27th during Lushan earthquake rescue,including the medical staff dispatch and the wounded case been treated.Results The reasonable medical corps was composed by 22 members,including 2 administrators,11 doctors [covering emergency medicine,orthopedics (joints and limbs,spinal),obstetrics and gynecology,gastroenterology,cardiology,ophthalmology,anesthesiology,medical rescue,health epidemic prevention,clinical laboratory of 11 specialties],1 ultrasound technician,5 nurses,1 pharmacist,1 medical instrument engineer and 1 office worker for propaganda.There were two members having psychological consultants qualifications.The medical work were carried out in seven aspects,including medical care assurance for the CNESAR members,first aid cooperation with search and rescue on site,clinical work in refugees' camp,medical round service for scattered village people,evacuation for the wounded,mental intervention,and the sanitary and anti-epidemic work.The medical work covered 24 small towns,and medical staff established 3 medical clinics at Taiping Town,Shuangshi Town of Lushan County and Baoxing County.Medical rescue,mental intervention for the old and kids,and sanitary and anti-epidemic were performed at the above sites.The medical corps had successful evacuated 2 severe wounded patients and treated the wounded over thousands.Most of the wounded were soft tissue injuries,external injury,respiratory tract infections,diarrhea,and heat stroke.Conclusions Compared with the rescue action in 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,the aggregation and departure of rescue team in Lushan earthquake,the traffic control order in disaster area,the self-aid and buddy aid are better,which give rise to the casualties to the lowest.The medical mission incorporated with search and rescue work showed that the medical performance manner altered with stages,the medical staff match changed with the mission,and the focus related with rescue time.