中华行为医学与脑科学杂志
中華行為醫學與腦科學雜誌
중화행위의학여뇌과학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE AND BRAIN SCIENCE
2014年
1期
49-52
,共4页
动机访谈%中老年%慢性病%行为改变
動機訪談%中老年%慢性病%行為改變
동궤방담%중노년%만성병%행위개변
Motivational interviewing%The elderly%Chronic diseases%Behavior change
目的 了解动机访谈对社区中老年慢性病患者自我效能和健康行为改变的效果,为社区中老年慢性病患者健康行为管理提供依据.方法 采用澳大利亚和中国专家共同设计的美好生活俱乐部调查问卷,以随机整群抽样方法,对部分社区287名中老年人进行问卷调查,了解人口学资料、慢性病患病情况和健康相关指标,以及中老年人自我健康评价、心理压力测量、生活满意度量表、行为改变阶段评估.共回收有效问卷265份,有效率为92.3％.结果 经过动机访谈干预后的慢性病患者自报症状、生活满意度得分高于干预前(F=8.527,7.697；P＜0.05),心理压力量表、行为改变阶段得分低于干预前(F=229.483,91.613;P＜0.01),在身体状况自评、功能状态和社会功能评价这两个指标中的得分均差异无统计学意义(F=0.222,2.084；P＞0.05).经过干预后,认为自己的健康程度在比较好及以上的从102人上升到114人、生活满意度中等及以上的人数从255人增加到265人；心理压力高度危险的从5人降低至1人；行为改变阶段中,处于行动期的人数从1人增加到20人、处于准备期的人数从138人上升到215人.结论 动机访谈技术能明显加强社区中老年慢性病患者自我效能,促进健康行为改变.但由于行为改变阶段的渐进、分阶段、螺旋式的复杂发展过程,有必要对社区中老年慢性病患者提供持续的动机访谈支持,巩固其行为改变的成果.
目的 瞭解動機訪談對社區中老年慢性病患者自我效能和健康行為改變的效果,為社區中老年慢性病患者健康行為管理提供依據.方法 採用澳大利亞和中國專傢共同設計的美好生活俱樂部調查問捲,以隨機整群抽樣方法,對部分社區287名中老年人進行問捲調查,瞭解人口學資料、慢性病患病情況和健康相關指標,以及中老年人自我健康評價、心理壓力測量、生活滿意度量錶、行為改變階段評估.共迴收有效問捲265份,有效率為92.3％.結果 經過動機訪談榦預後的慢性病患者自報癥狀、生活滿意度得分高于榦預前(F=8.527,7.697；P＜0.05),心理壓力量錶、行為改變階段得分低于榦預前(F=229.483,91.613;P＜0.01),在身體狀況自評、功能狀態和社會功能評價這兩箇指標中的得分均差異無統計學意義(F=0.222,2.084；P＞0.05).經過榦預後,認為自己的健康程度在比較好及以上的從102人上升到114人、生活滿意度中等及以上的人數從255人增加到265人；心理壓力高度危險的從5人降低至1人；行為改變階段中,處于行動期的人數從1人增加到20人、處于準備期的人數從138人上升到215人.結論 動機訪談技術能明顯加彊社區中老年慢性病患者自我效能,促進健康行為改變.但由于行為改變階段的漸進、分階段、螺鏇式的複雜髮展過程,有必要對社區中老年慢性病患者提供持續的動機訪談支持,鞏固其行為改變的成果.
목적 료해동궤방담대사구중노년만성병환자자아효능화건강행위개변적효과,위사구중노년만성병환자건강행위관리제공의거.방법 채용오대리아화중국전가공동설계적미호생활구악부조사문권,이수궤정군추양방법,대부분사구287명중노년인진행문권조사,료해인구학자료、만성병환병정황화건강상관지표,이급중노년인자아건강평개、심리압력측량、생활만의도량표、행위개변계단평고.공회수유효문권265빈,유효솔위92.3％.결과 경과동궤방담간예후적만성병환자자보증상、생활만의도득분고우간예전(F=8.527,7.697；P＜0.05),심리압역량표、행위개변계단득분저우간예전(F=229.483,91.613;P＜0.01),재신체상황자평、공능상태화사회공능평개저량개지표중적득분균차이무통계학의의(F=0.222,2.084；P＞0.05).경과간예후,인위자기적건강정도재비교호급이상적종102인상승도114인、생활만의도중등급이상적인수종255인증가도265인；심리압력고도위험적종5인강저지1인；행위개변계단중,처우행동기적인수종1인증가도20인、처우준비기적인수종138인상승도215인.결론 동궤방담기술능명현가강사구중노년만성병환자자아효능,촉진건강행위개변.단유우행위개변계단적점진、분계단、라선식적복잡발전과정,유필요대사구중노년만성병환자제공지속적동궤방담지지,공고기행위개변적성과.
Objective To explore the effects on self-efficacy and health behavior change in elderly patients with chronic diseases in community by motivational interviewing and to provide the basis for the health behavior management of elderly patients with chronic diseases in community.Methods The study was based on a cross-section investigation by random cluster sampling which included a sample of 287 elderly patients.The questionnaire was localized good life club questionnaire of Australia,including demographic data,prevalence of chronic diseases,health-related indicators,self-health assessment,psychological pressure measurement,life satisfaction scale and assessment of behavior change stage.A total of 265 valid questionnaires were effective,and the effective rate was 92.3％.Results The scores of self-reported symptoms and life satisfaction of patients with chronic diseases after motivational interviewing were significantly higher than before (F=8.527,7.697; P＜0.05),the scores of stress scale and behavior change stages were significantly lower than before (F=229.483,91.613; P＜0.01).The score differences with health self-assessment,functional status and social function evaluation were not statistically significant(F=0.222,2.084,P＞0.05).The number of patients who believed their health are better rose from 102 to 114,the number of patients whose life satisfaction were moderate and above rose from 255 to 265,and the number of high risk of psychological stress reduced from 5 to 1.In the stages of behavior change,the number of people in the action stage rose from 1 to 20,and the number of people in the preparation stage rose from 138 to 215 after the intervention.Conclusion Motivational interviewing can strengthen the self-efficacy in elderly patients with chronic diseases in community significantly and promote healthy behavior change.It is necessary to provide ongoing support for motivational interviewing to consolidate its behavior change outcomes,because of the complexity of the development process of behavior change stages.
