CAJ | 학술논문

目的基于汉语普通话的语音学特点,编写叠加有言语背景噪声并符合成人心理物理学特征的声调识别测试材料,以期实现模拟真实语言环境下对声调识别能力的客观评价方案.方法确立符合言语测听和语音学要求,兼顾简短、常用、有意义的编写原则.参考现代汉语常用字表,科学选取日常生活中常用的80个音节且四个声调均有对应实际含义的320个实词(80个音节×四声),构成声调识别测试材料词库.由两位专业播音员在本底噪声＜30 dB(A)的专业录音工作室中,使用Electro Voice RE-20麦克风连接Huilian RMC-200型记录系统分别录制男声版和女声版的音频素材.采用Cool Edit Pro 2.0声音处理软件而对实词的音频素材进行强度处理、降低背景噪声并加入2 ms的静音间隔形成基础音频材料,并进一步行数字化处理.以听力正常人为受试者,根据其主观感受对基础音频材料的响度进行调整.结果以16名听力正常人为受试者对320个实词进行主观响度调整,去除变异度过大的32个测试项,最终确立288个测试实词(即72个音节×四声),录制男、女声普通话声调识别测试材料各一套.以录制本组测试材料播音员的长时平均语谱为目标,采用FIR滤波器对高斯白噪声进行滤波,调整竞争噪声的均方根幅度,提取具有言语特异性的掩蔽噪声.在言语识别测试平台的控制下,可根据测试要求对噪声强度进行调整,实现固定信噪比条件下的汉语普通话声调识别测试.结论成功编制具有言语特异性掩蔽噪声的汉语普通话声调识别测试材料,可为声调识别能力的研究提供评价工具.
목적 기우한어보통화적어음학특점,편사첩가유언어배경조성병부합성인심리물이학특정적성조식별측시재료,이기실현모의진실어언배경하대성조식별능력적객관평개방안.방법 학립부합언어측은화어음학요구,겸고간단、상용、유의의적편사원칙.삼고현대한어상용자표,과학선취일상생활중상용적80개음절차사개성조균유대응실제함의적320개실사(80개음절×사성),구성성조식별측시재료사고.유량위전업파음원재본저조성＜30 dB(A)적전업록음공작실중,사용Electro Voice RE-20맥극풍련접Huilian RMC-200형기록계통분별록제남성판화녀성판적음빈소재.채용Cool Edit Pro 2.0성음처리연건이대실사적음빈소재진행강도처리、강저배경조성병가입2 ms적정음간격형성기출음빈재료,병진일보행수자화처리.이은력정상인위수시자,근거기주관감수대기출음빈재료적향도진행조정.결과 이16명은력정상인위수시자대320개실사진행주관향도조정,거제변이도과대적32개측시항,최종학립288개측시실사(즉72개음절×사성),록제남、녀성보통화성조식별측시재료각일투.이록제본조측시재료파음원적장시평균어보위목표,채용FIR려파기대고사백조성진행려파,조정경쟁조성적균방근폭도,제취구유언어특이성적엄폐조성.재언어식별측시평태적공제하,가근거측시요구대조성강도진행조정,실현고정신조비조건하적한어보통화성조식별측시.결론 성공편제구유언어특이성엄폐조성적한어보통화성조식별측시재료,가위성조식별능력적연구제공평개공구.
Objective The aim of this study was to develop comprehensive test material for Mandarin tone identification in noise (M-TINT) based on the linguistic characteristics in Chinese.Methods In keeping with both the reliability and efficiency in clinical practice,a primary list consisted of 320 words (80 syllables in four tones each) was designed according to the following principles:shortness of the lists,word familiarity and with a meaning in all four tones.The digital sound file was recorded by a male speaker and a female speaker (both of them are radio broadcaster).Results The tonal identification material database,which included 288 items (72 loudness-balanced syllables in all 4 Mandarin tones) was established by digital filler and balanced for equal loudness.The complete material was recorded in two CDs in a male version and a female version.The speaker-specific masking noises were generated by filtering Gaussian white noise to the speaker's long-term average speech spectrum (LTASS) and by scaling the masking noises to the same RMS amplitudes,as those of the speech,in order to acquire the effective sound masking.The speaker-specific masking noises could be able or disable during the word presentation.The sound pressure level could be selected concerning on the test setting.Conclusions The mandarin tonal identification materials were designed by both the tonal acoustic properties and the psychophysics characteristic of adults.It is an useful speech test in clinical work and research,and can potentially be used as the basic list for other tonal language identification test in the future.