福州市城乡儿童哮喘危险因素比较分析
복주시성향인동효천위험인소비교분석
Comparison of the risk factors for asthma in children between urban and rural areas in fuzhou city
  • 万方数据
    中华儿科杂志 중화인과잡지
    Chinese Journal of Pediatrics
    2014年 4期 282-286 ,共5页

    唐素萍%王世彪%郑建云%刘艳琳%程潮%张敏军%叶雯婧%陈燊%董李

    당소평%왕세표%정건운%류염림%정조%장민군%협문청%진신%동리

    儿童%哮喘%危险因素%流行病学调查 兒童%哮喘%危險因素%流行病學調查
    인동%효천%위험인소%류행병학조사
    Child%Asthma%Risk factors%Epidemiologic studies
    目的 探讨福建省福州市城乡儿童哮喘的患病率及危险因素.方法 2010年10月至201 1年10月对福建省福州市城乡0～14岁儿童进行哮喘流行病学调查.采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,在城区和农村选择调查对象.应用2010年第3次全国儿童哮喘流行病学调查统一问卷,筛查哮喘可疑患儿,再经专科医生明确哮喘诊断.确诊儿童哮喘患儿为病例组,以民族、年龄、性别和生活环境相匹配的非哮喘儿童为对照组,比较城乡儿童哮喘患病率.构建二元Logistic回归方程模型分析筛选哮喘影响因素.结果 (1)在福州市城区共发放儿童哮喘与过敏性疾病初筛问卷12 235份,收回11 738份(男6 221名,女5 517名),回收率95.9％;共诊断哮喘648例(男403例,女245例),患病率5.5％,男童哮喘患病率6.48％,女童4.44％(性别患病比较x2=23.267,P＜0.001).(2)在农村地区共发放初筛问卷6 000份,收回5 860份(男3 228名,女2 632名),回收率97.7％;共诊断哮喘135例(男88例,女47例),患病率2.3％,男童哮喘患病率2.73％,女童1.79％(性别患病率比较,x2=5.697,P=0.017).(3)城乡间患病率差异有统计学意义(x2=95.135,P＜0.001).(4)＜6个月添加蛋白辅食(OR=1.908,95％CI:1.233 ～2.959)、使用抗生素治疗(OR=14.541,95％ CI:8.920 ～23.705)、非实木家具材料(OR=2.432,95％CI:1.563～3.785)是城区儿童哮喘的主要危险因素.(5)＜6个月添加蛋白辅食(OR=3.021,95％ CI:1.357 ～6.711)、使用抗生素治疗(OR=14.784,95％ CI:3.842 ～56.885)、使用煤/炭作为燃料(OR=63.339,95％ CI:7.993～501.943)、饲养家畜(OR=13.659,95％CI:1.342 ～139.068)、出生前后家人吸烟(OR=6.226,95％CI:2.674 ～14.495)和化纤枕头材料(OR=3.638,95％CI:1.241 ～ 10.666)是农村儿童哮喘的主要危险因素.结论 福州市城区儿童哮喘患病率明显高于农村,男童患病率高于女童.城区儿童哮喘的主要危险因素为＜6个月添加蛋白辅食、使用抗生素和非实木家具材料.农村儿童哮喘的主要危险因素为＜6个月添加蛋白辅食、使用抗生素、使用煤/炭作为燃料、饲养家畜、出生前后家人吸烟.
    목적 탐토복건성복주시성향인동효천적환병솔급위험인소.방법 2010년10월지201 1년10월대복건성복주시성향0～14세인동진행효천류행병학조사.채용다계단분층수궤정군추양방법,재성구화농촌선택조사대상.응용2010년제3차전국인동효천류행병학조사통일문권,사사효천가의환인,재경전과의생명학효천진단.학진인동효천환인위병례조,이민족、년령、성별화생활배경상필배적비효천인동위대조조,비교성향인동효천환병솔.구건이원Logistic회귀방정모형분석사선효천영향인소.결과 (1)재복주시성구공발방인동효천여과민성질병초사문권12 235빈,수회11 738빈(남6 221명,녀5 517명),회수솔95.9％;공진단효천648례(남403례,녀245례),환병솔5.5％,남동효천환병솔6.48％,녀동4.44％(성별환병비교x2=23.267,P＜0.001).(2)재농촌지구공발방초사문권6 000빈,수회5 860빈(남3 228명,녀2 632명),회수솔97.7％;공진단효천135례(남88례,녀47례),환병솔2.3％,남동효천환병솔2.73％,녀동1.79％(성별환병솔비교,x2=5.697,P=0.017).(3)성향간환병솔차이유통계학의의(x2=95.135,P＜0.001).(4)＜6개월첨가단백보식(OR=1.908,95％CI:1.233 ～2.959)、사용항생소치료(OR=14.541,95％ CI:8.920 ～23.705)、비실목가구재료(OR=2.432,95％CI:1.563～3.785)시성구인동효천적주요위험인소.(5)＜6개월첨가단백보식(OR=3.021,95％ CI:1.357 ～6.711)、사용항생소치료(OR=14.784,95％ CI:3.842 ～56.885)、사용매/탄작위연료(OR=63.339,95％ CI:7.993～501.943)、사양가축(OR=13.659,95％CI:1.342 ～139.068)、출생전후가인흡연(OR=6.226,95％CI:2.674 ～14.495)화화섬침두재료(OR=3.638,95％CI:1.241 ～ 10.666)시농촌인동효천적주요위험인소.결론 복주시성구인동효천환병솔명현고우농촌,남동환병솔고우녀동.성구인동효천적주요위험인소위＜6개월첨가단백보식、사용항생소화비실목가구재료.농촌인동효천적주요위험인소위＜6개월첨가단백보식、사용항생소、사용매/탄작위연료、사양가축、출생전후가인흡연.
    Objective To explore the prevalence and the different risk factors for asthma in children between urban and rural areas in Fuzhou,Fujian province.Method The epidemiological survey of asthma in 0-14 years old children was conducted from October 2009 to October 2010 between Fuzhou urban and rural areas in Fujian province.The investigation subjects were selected in urban and rural areas by phased stratified random cluster sampling.The 2010 third national epidemiological survey questionnaire of children with asthma was used for screening for possible patients.Diagnosis of asthma was confirmed by physical examination.The children with asthma were designated as the positive cases,while non asthmatic children who were age,gender,ethnic,and living environment matched with asthmatic patients were designated as negative control.Comparison of the prevalence of asthma in children between Fuzhou urban and rural areas was performed.The influencing factors of asthma were analyzed and screened by the regression equation model of two element Logistic regression.Result Totally 12 235 questionnaires of children with asthma and allergic disease screening were issued and 11 738 questionnaire were sent back (6 221 were male and 5 517 were female).The return rate was 95.9％ in urban Fuzhou; 648 children were diagnosed as asthma.The prevalence of asthma in male was 6.48％ and female children was 4.44％ (comparison of the prevalence of gender x2 =23.267,P ＜0.001) in urban areas.A total of 6 000 questionnaires of children with asthma and allergic disease screening were sent out and 5 860 were responded (male children 3 228,female children 2 632).The recovery rate was 97.7％ in rural Fuzhou; 135 children with asthma was diagnosed.The prevalence of asthma in male was 2.73％ and female children and was 1.79％.Adding protein supplement before 6 months (OR =1.908,95％ CI:1.233-2.959),the use of antibiotics in the treatment of asthma (OR =14.541,95％ CI:8.920-23.705),furniture materials (non wood) (OR =2.432,95％ CI:1.563-3.785) were the main risk factors of children with asthma in urban.Adding protein supplement before 6 months(OR =3.021,95％ CI:1.357-6.711),the use of antibiotics in the treatment of asthma(OR =14.784,95％ CI:3.842-56.885),the use of coal as fuel (OR =63.339,95％ CI:7.993-501.943),domesticated livestock (OR =13.659,95％ CI:1.342-139.068),the family smoking before and after birth (OR =6.226,95％ CI:2.674-14.495) and chemical fiber pillow (OR =3.638,95％ CI:1.241-10.666) were the main risk factors of children with asthma in rural areas.Conclusion The prevalence of children with asthma in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas.The prevalence of asthma in male children was higher than in female children.Adding protein food supplement before 6 months,the use of antibiotics and non solid wood furniture material were the main risk factors in children with asthma in urban areas.Adding protein supplement before 6 months,the use of antibiotics,domesticated livestock,the use of coal as fuel and the family smoking before and after birth were the main risk factor of asthma in children in rural areas.
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