CAJ | 학술논문

目的建立飞行员做HP动作对抗推拉效应(push-pull effect,PPE)的离心机训练方法. 方法依据实际空战机动飞行中记录的推拉动作(push-pull maneuver,PPM)飞行参数,在载人离心机常规训练的基础上增加HP动作对抗PPE训练.受试者为6名飞行员.训练分3日进行,第1日采用预编程模式,飞行员穿抗荷服训练HP动作,载荷为+Gz增长率和下降率均为3 G/s、峰值分别为3、5、6、7G各持续10 s的曲线.第2日采用预编程模式,载荷为一组-1Gz持续5 s与+Gz分别为3、5、6、7G各持续10 s,G值增长率为2 G/s,下降率为1 G/s的PPM曲线,飞行员在-1Gz时采用HP动作的呼吸方式呼吸,从-1Gz向+Gz开始转换时即做较用力的HP动作,并随着+Gz的增加逐渐加大用力程度.第3日采用闭环模式,进行+3、+5、+8 Gz各持续10 s的HP与PHP动作训练.记录飞行员的+Gz耐力、心率(heart rate,HR)、呼吸率(breathing rate,BR)、双腿蹬力(muscular force of legs,F1egs)等指标的变化,并采用SPSS 10.0统计软件对数据进行自身对照t检验或重复测量的方差分析. 结果第1日,6名飞行员采用HP动作,均完成了+7 Gz持续10 s离心机训练,其中1名飞行员因曾患椎间盘突出,退出后续训练.第2日,5名飞行员均完成了HP动作对抗PPE训练,通过了-1Gz持续5 s,至+3、+5、+6、+7 Gz持续10s的PPM训练.第3日,5名飞行员均完成了HP与PHP动作+8 Gz持续10 s训练.随+Gz值的增加,Flegs明显高于前一次+Gz暴露时(F=127.047～322.488,P＜0.01),HR、BR均显著高于+1 Gz安静时(P＜0.01).各+Gz暴露时的Flegs、HR、BR在3个训练日之间无显著差异；-1Gz暴露时的HR、BR均显著高于+1 Gz安静时(P＜0.01).飞行员主诉HP动作对抗PPE的离心机训练明显提高了对抗PPE的能力和信心. 结论采用本研究建立的HP动作对抗PPE的离心机训练方法,能够显著提高飞行员对抗PPE的能力.
목적 건립비행원주HP동작대항추랍효응(push-pull effect,PPE)적리심궤훈련방법. 방법 의거실제공전궤동비행중기록적추랍동작(push-pull maneuver,PPM)비행삼수,재재인리심궤상규훈련적기출상증가HP동작대항PPE훈련.수시자위6명비행원.훈련분3일진행,제1일채용예편정모식,비행원천항하복훈련HP동작,재하위+Gz증장솔화하강솔균위3 G/s、봉치분별위3、5、6、7G각지속10 s적곡선.제2일채용예편정모식,재하위일조-1Gz지속5 s여+Gz분별위3、5、6、7G각지속10 s,G치증장솔위2 G/s,하강솔위1 G/s적PPM곡선,비행원재-1Gz시채용HP동작적호흡방식호흡,종-1Gz향+Gz개시전환시즉주교용력적HP동작,병수착+Gz적증가축점가대용력정도.제3일채용폐배모식,진행+3、+5、+8 Gz각지속10 s적HP여PHP동작훈련.기록비행원적+Gz내력、심솔(heart rate,HR)、호흡솔(breathing rate,BR)、쌍퇴등력(muscular force of legs,F1egs)등지표적변화,병채용SPSS 10.0통계연건대수거진행자신대조t검험혹중복측량적방차분석. 결과 제1일,6명비행원채용HP동작,균완성료+7 Gz지속10 s리심궤훈련,기중1명비행원인증환추간반돌출,퇴출후속훈련.제2일,5명비행원균완성료HP동작대항PPE훈련,통과료-1Gz지속5 s,지+3、+5、+6、+7 Gz지속10s적PPM훈련.제3일,5명비행원균완성료HP여PHP동작+8 Gz지속10 s훈련.수+Gz치적증가,Flegs명현고우전일차+Gz폭로시(F=127.047～322.488,P＜0.01),HR、BR균현저고우+1 Gz안정시(P＜0.01).각+Gz폭로시적Flegs、HR、BR재3개훈련일지간무현저차이；-1Gz폭로시적HR、BR균현저고우+1 Gz안정시(P＜0.01).비행원주소HP동작대항PPE적리심궤훈련명현제고료대항PPE적능력화신심. 결론 채용본연구건립적HP동작대항PPE적리심궤훈련방법,능구현저제고비행원대항PPE적능력.
Objective To constitute the approach of push-pull effect (PPE) protection training by using HP maneuver on centrifuge.Methods By referencing the push-pull maneuver (PPM) parameters recorded from the aerial combat maneuvers,a 3-day centrifuge PPE protection training program was constituted for 6 pilots.On the 1st day,adopting preprogrammed acceleration profiles whose peak +Gz level was 3,5,6 and 7 G respectively with the onset and offset rate of 3 G/s,pilots underwent HP maneuver training with anti-G suit.On the 2nd day,PPE protection training was carried out by performing HP maneuver through exposures to preprogrammed PPM profiles composed of +3,+5,+6,and +7 Gz for 10 s respectively at the onset rate of 2 G/s and offset rate of 1 G/s with preceded-1 Gz for 5 s.During-Gz exposure,pilots adopted the breathing manner of HP maneuver,and initiated sufficient HP maneuver when transiting from-Gz to +Gz.On the 3rd day,close-loop controlled training was conducted during +3,+5 and +8 Gz by performing HP and PHP maneuver.Changes of +Gz tolerance,HR,breathing rate (BR),and muscular force of legs (Flegs) during the training were observed and analyzed.Results On the 1st day,all 6 pilots accomplished + 7 Gz for 10 s,but 1 pilot who had lumber intervertebral disc protrusion retreated from the following training.On the 2nd day,5 pilots went through PPE protection training,passing through PPM of -1 Gz to +3,+5,+6,+7 Gz for 10 s respectively.They fulfilled +8 Gz for 10 s training on the 3rd day.During +Gz exposures,Flegs increased significantly as comparecl with that of the antecedent +Gz exposure level (F=127.047-322.488,P＜0.01).HR and BR were significantly higher than those at +1 Gz(P＜0.01).No significant difference was found in Flegs,HR or BR as compared with those at the same +Gz level among different training days.During-1 Gz exposures,HR and BR were raised significantly as compared with those at + 1 Gz (P＜0.01).Pilots reported that PPE protection training greatly boosted their ability and confidence in PPE counteraction.Conclusions The approach of PPE protection training on centrifuge could protect pilots against PPE effectively,and it could enhance the anti-PPE capability.