CAJ | 학술논문

目的分析2006至2010年间广州市大型汽车制造企业职工职业性噪声暴露与听力损失发生的关系.方法采用回顾性队列研究,分别收集噪声暴露组与对照组2006-2010各年度听力检查结果与不同作业场所现场噪声暴露水平,分析2006-20]0年间工人作业场所噪声暴露情况与听力损失的变化趋势与影响因素.结果噪声组听力损失的发生率为9.34％,对照组为2.75％,噪声暴露组工人发生听力损失的风险明显高于对照组(R=3.378,,95％CI=1.467～9.083),冲压、焊装与总装3个车间的噪声强度与噪声检测超标率高于其他车间,在80～、85～、90～ dB(A)3个噪声强度组,随着接噪工龄的增加,听力损失的发生率呈现明显的上升趋势(x2=6.377,P=0.041；x2=8.570,P=0.014; x2=7.037,P=0.030)；在各接噪工龄组内,随着接触噪声强度的增加,听力损失的发生率也呈明显上升趋势(x2=5.068,P=0.024;x2=71.497,P＜0.01;X2=24.226,P＜0.01).结论噪声暴露会导致工人患噪声性听力损失的危险性增加,工人听力损失发生率随着作业场所噪声强度和接噪工龄的增加而增加,冲压车间作业场所噪声暴露水平与职工听力损失发生率均高于其他车间；控制汽车制造企业作业场所的噪声强度可能一定程度降低工人听力损失的危险性.
목적 분석2006지2010년간엄주시대형기차제조기업직공직업성조성폭로여은력손실발생적관계.방법 채용회고성대렬연구,분별수집조성폭로조여대조조2006-2010각년도은력검사결과여불동작업장소현장조성폭로수평,분석2006-20]0년간공인작업장소조성폭로정황여은력손실적변화추세여영향인소.결과 조성조은력손실적발생솔위9.34％,대조조위2.75％,조성폭로조공인발생은력손실적풍험명현고우대조조(R=3.378,,95％CI=1.467～9.083),충압、한장여총장3개차간적조성강도여조성검측초표솔고우기타차간,재80～、85～、90～ dB(A)3개조성강도조,수착접조공령적증가,은력손실적발생솔정현명현적상승추세(x2=6.377,P=0.041；x2=8.570,P=0.014; x2=7.037,P=0.030)；재각접조공령조내,수착접촉조성강도적증가,은력손실적발생솔야정명현상승추세(x2=5.068,P=0.024;x2=71.497,P＜0.01;X2=24.226,P＜0.01).결론 조성폭로회도치공인환조성성은력손실적위험성증가,공인은력손실발생솔수착작업장소조성강도화접조공령적증가이증가,충압차간작업장소조성폭로수평여직공은력손실발생솔균고우기타차간；공제기차제조기업작업장소적조성강도가능일정정도강저공인은력손실적위험성.
Objective To analyze the relationship between occupational noise exposure and hearing loss among workers in large automobile manufacturing enterprise during 2006-2010 in Guangzhou,China.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted.The subjects were divided into noise exposure group and control group.Their hearing examination results and noise exposure levels in different workplaces were collected during 2006-2010,and the relationship between noise exposure in workplaces and hearing loss was analyzed.Results The incidence of heating loss for the noise exposure group was 9.34％,versus 2.75％ for the control group; the noise exposure group had a significantly higher risk of hearing loss than the control group (R=3.378,95％C1=1.467～9.083).The noise intensity and over-limit rate were significantly higher in the stamping,welding,and general assembly workshops than in other workshops.The risk of hearing loss significantly increased with years of noise exposure in 80,85,and 90 dB (A) groups (x2=6.377,P=0.041; x2=8.570,P=0.014; x2=7.037,P=0.030).The risk of hearing loss also increased with noise intensity in all working age groups (x2=5.068,P=0.024; x2=71.497,P＜0.01; x2=24.226,P＜0.01).Conclusion Noise exposure increases the risk of noise-induced hearing loss in workers.The incidence of hearing loss increases with the noise intensity in workplaces and years of noise exposure.The noise exposure level and incidence of hearing loss are higher in the stamping workshop than in other workshops.Controlling the noise intensity in automobile manufacturing enterprise may reduce the risk of hearing loss in workers.