CAJ | 학술논문

目的了解天津市生殖健康相关专业医护人员对血源性职业暴露的知识、态度和行为现况,为制定有效的干预措施提供参考依据.方法分层整群随机抽样方法抽取天津市各级医疗机构的生殖健康相关专业医护人员507名,采用自填式血源性职业暴露知识、态度、行为问卷调查职业暴露知识知晓情况、职业暴露相关态度、职业暴露防护和伤害情况、相关知识培训需求等.结果发生血源性职业暴露后的上报流程及部门的知晓率为63.15％(305/483),根据暴露源及暴露类型,HIV职业暴露分级的知晓率为48.45％ (234/483),HIV和乙型肝炎病毒职业暴露后预防性用药时间知晓率为分别为37.89％(183/483)和31.47(152/483).被调查者血源性职业暴露知识平均得分为(74.45± 14.00)分.妇产科及妇保专业知识得分高于泌尿科,女性高于男性,医生高于护士,三级和二级医疗机构高于一级医疗机构,差异均有统计学意义(t=12.140,F=5.428,t=2.582,t=4.218,P＜0.05).93.17％ (450/483)和94.41％(456/483)被调查者认为正确洗手和佩戴防护眼镜是预防职业暴露的有效措施,但近1年内实际工作中坚持正确洗手和佩戴防护眼镜的仅占15.94％(89/483)和3.93％(19/483).60.46％(292/483)的被调查者从业期间曾发生过职业暴露.95.65％(462/483)有相关知识培训需求.结论生殖健康相关专业医护人员对血源性职业暴露后的上报流程及预防性用药知识欠缺,防护措施执行较差,职业暴露伤害较普遍.应加强医护人员血源性职业防护教育,制定严格、有效的监督管理制度.
목적 료해천진시생식건강상관전업의호인원대혈원성직업폭로적지식、태도화행위현황,위제정유효적간예조시제공삼고의거.방법 분층정군수궤추양방법추취천진시각급의료궤구적생식건강상관전업의호인원507명,채용자전식혈원성직업폭로지식、태도、행위문권조사직업폭로지식지효정황、직업폭로상관태도、직업폭로방호화상해정황、상관지식배훈수구등.결과 발생혈원성직업폭로후적상보류정급부문적지효솔위63.15％(305/483),근거폭로원급폭로류형,HIV직업폭로분급적지효솔위48.45％ (234/483),HIV화을형간염병독직업폭로후예방성용약시간지효솔위분별위37.89％(183/483)화31.47(152/483).피조사자혈원성직업폭로지식평균득분위(74.45± 14.00)분.부산과급부보전업지식득분고우비뇨과,녀성고우남성,의생고우호사,삼급화이급의료궤구고우일급의료궤구,차이균유통계학의의(t=12.140,F=5.428,t=2.582,t=4.218,P＜0.05).93.17％ (450/483)화94.41％(456/483)피조사자인위정학세수화패대방호안경시예방직업폭로적유효조시,단근1년내실제공작중견지정학세수화패대방호안경적부점15.94％(89/483)화3.93％(19/483).60.46％(292/483)적피조사자종업기간증발생과직업폭로.95.65％(462/483)유상관지식배훈수구.결론 생식건강상관전업의호인원대혈원성직업폭로후적상보류정급예방성용약지식흠결,방호조시집행교차,직업폭로상해교보편.응가강의호인원혈원성직업방호교육,제정엄격、유효적감독관리제도.
Objective To investigate the knowledge,attitudes,and practices regarding blood-borne occupational exposure among reproductive health staff in Tianjin,China.Methods By random,stratified,and clustered sampling,507 reproductive health-related medical workers in Tianjin were selected.A SelfAdministered KAP Questionnaire on blood-borne occupational exposure was employed to gauge the general characteristics,awareness of knowledge,attitudes to occupational exposure,implementation of pre-exposure protection,incidence of occupational exposure,and demands for continuing education.Results Among all respondents,63.15％ (305/483) were aware of the reporting procedures and related departments after the incidence of occupational exposure.The awareness rate of classification of HIV occupational exposure was 48.45％ (234/483).About preventive medication time after HIV and hepatitis B virus exposure,the awareness rates were 37.89％ (183/483) and 31.47％ (152/483),respectively.The average score of occupational exposure knowledge among respondents was 74.45 ±14.00.The multivariate analysis indicated that medical staff of obstetrics and gynecology,females,doctors and high-level medical institutions showed significantly higher awareness than urology professionals,males,nurses,and medical staff of primary health care institutions,respectively (t=12.140,t=5.428,t=2.582,F=4.218,P＜0.05).Of the respondents,93.17％ (450/483) and 94.41％ (456/483) thought that washing hands properly and wearing protective glasses were effective methods for the prevention of occupational exposure,but only 15.94％ (89/483) and 3.93％ (19/483) adhered to proper hand washing and wearing protective glasses within nearly one year in practical work.Of the respondents,60.46％ (292/483) had experienced the occupational exposure during their vocation,and 95.65％ (462/483) needed respective trainings.Conclusion The awareness of occupational exposure among reproductive health-related medical staff is lacking,especially in preventative medication and reporting procedures after the incidence of occupational exposure.The implementation of protective measures is inadequate and incidence of occupational exposure is higher.Therefore,continuing education is necessary to improve the knowledge and attitudes towards occupational exposure in medical staff.At the same time,strict and effective supervision and management system should be established.