中华劳动卫生职业病杂志
中華勞動衛生職業病雜誌
중화노동위생직업병잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
2014年
4期
264-267
,共4页
赵莹%王晗%陈伟国%徐承敏%马明强%诸爱囡%钱亚玲
趙瑩%王晗%陳偉國%徐承敏%馬明彊%諸愛囡%錢亞玲
조형%왕함%진위국%서승민%마명강%제애닙%전아령
职业暴露%多项筛查%参考标准%规范
職業暴露%多項篩查%參攷標準%規範
직업폭로%다항사사%삼고표준%규범
Occupational exposure%Multiphasic screening%Reference standards%Specifications
目的 调查浙江省职业健康体检机构具有相关职业健康检查资质情况,以及各相关部门对GBZ 188-2007《职业健康监护技术规范》的应用情况,为修订和完善该标准提供依据.方法 对浙江省获得省级职业健康检查资质且从事职业健康检查工作2年以上的职业健康检查机构、卫生监督部门和不同规模企业抽样,进行问卷调查,对GBZ 188-2007《职业健康监护技术规范》的关注程度、使用频率、修改意见等.结果 医疗和疾病预防控制部门具有化学物质、粉尘、噪声和高温等因素的职业健康检查资质比例较高,而物理因素、生物因素、特种作业等方面的体检资质较低;同时对GBZ 188-2007《职业健康监护技术规范》的化学因素、粉尘和物理因素关注程度高,对其他项目关注程度较低.医疗、疾病预防控制机构、省级和市级卫生监督部门使用GBZ 188-2007《职业健康监护技术规范》频率较高,县级卫生监督和企业使用频率相对较低.80％以上调查单位认为GBZ 188-2007《职业健康监护技术规范》中职业健康监护内容、应急健康检查规定、职业健康检查报告分类、特殊作业监护等方面应在现有较为丰富的基础上进一步优化;一致强调接触到能导致机体各器官系统损害的化合物,与之相关的岗位应在上岗前、在岗期间职业健康检查时作出明确规定.对目前GBZ 188-2007《职业健康监护技术规范》相关法律法规的满意程度;是否增加对接触有害生物因素作业人员(如森林脑炎)职业健康监护内容,噪声作业在多大强度开展健康监护,接触苯、酚等化合物是否需要增加健康检查项目等问题,各部门尚有分歧.结论 浙江省职业健康检查机构具备化学物质、粉尘、噪声和高温等健康检查资质比例较高,医疗机构、疾病预防控制机构、县级以上卫生监督部门在工作中都能经常使用该标准.对标准修订较一致的意见是增加有害物质种类;相关规定和条款能在现在基础上进一步完善,使新修订的标准更适合新时期职业卫生的要求.
目的 調查浙江省職業健康體檢機構具有相關職業健康檢查資質情況,以及各相關部門對GBZ 188-2007《職業健康鑑護技術規範》的應用情況,為脩訂和完善該標準提供依據.方法 對浙江省穫得省級職業健康檢查資質且從事職業健康檢查工作2年以上的職業健康檢查機構、衛生鑑督部門和不同規模企業抽樣,進行問捲調查,對GBZ 188-2007《職業健康鑑護技術規範》的關註程度、使用頻率、脩改意見等.結果 醫療和疾病預防控製部門具有化學物質、粉塵、譟聲和高溫等因素的職業健康檢查資質比例較高,而物理因素、生物因素、特種作業等方麵的體檢資質較低;同時對GBZ 188-2007《職業健康鑑護技術規範》的化學因素、粉塵和物理因素關註程度高,對其他項目關註程度較低.醫療、疾病預防控製機構、省級和市級衛生鑑督部門使用GBZ 188-2007《職業健康鑑護技術規範》頻率較高,縣級衛生鑑督和企業使用頻率相對較低.80％以上調查單位認為GBZ 188-2007《職業健康鑑護技術規範》中職業健康鑑護內容、應急健康檢查規定、職業健康檢查報告分類、特殊作業鑑護等方麵應在現有較為豐富的基礎上進一步優化;一緻彊調接觸到能導緻機體各器官繫統損害的化閤物,與之相關的崗位應在上崗前、在崗期間職業健康檢查時作齣明確規定.對目前GBZ 188-2007《職業健康鑑護技術規範》相關法律法規的滿意程度;是否增加對接觸有害生物因素作業人員(如森林腦炎)職業健康鑑護內容,譟聲作業在多大彊度開展健康鑑護,接觸苯、酚等化閤物是否需要增加健康檢查項目等問題,各部門尚有分歧.結論 浙江省職業健康檢查機構具備化學物質、粉塵、譟聲和高溫等健康檢查資質比例較高,醫療機構、疾病預防控製機構、縣級以上衛生鑑督部門在工作中都能經常使用該標準.對標準脩訂較一緻的意見是增加有害物質種類;相關規定和條款能在現在基礎上進一步完善,使新脩訂的標準更適閤新時期職業衛生的要求.
목적 조사절강성직업건강체검궤구구유상관직업건강검사자질정황,이급각상관부문대GBZ 188-2007《직업건강감호기술규범》적응용정황,위수정화완선해표준제공의거.방법 대절강성획득성급직업건강검사자질차종사직업건강검사공작2년이상적직업건강검사궤구、위생감독부문화불동규모기업추양,진행문권조사,대GBZ 188-2007《직업건강감호기술규범》적관주정도、사용빈솔、수개의견등.결과 의료화질병예방공제부문구유화학물질、분진、조성화고온등인소적직업건강검사자질비례교고,이물리인소、생물인소、특충작업등방면적체검자질교저;동시대GBZ 188-2007《직업건강감호기술규범》적화학인소、분진화물리인소관주정도고,대기타항목관주정도교저.의료、질병예방공제궤구、성급화시급위생감독부문사용GBZ 188-2007《직업건강감호기술규범》빈솔교고,현급위생감독화기업사용빈솔상대교저.80％이상조사단위인위GBZ 188-2007《직업건강감호기술규범》중직업건강감호내용、응급건강검사규정、직업건강검사보고분류、특수작업감호등방면응재현유교위봉부적기출상진일보우화;일치강조접촉도능도치궤체각기관계통손해적화합물,여지상관적강위응재상강전、재강기간직업건강검사시작출명학규정.대목전GBZ 188-2007《직업건강감호기술규범》상관법율법규적만의정도;시부증가대접촉유해생물인소작업인원(여삼림뇌염)직업건강감호내용,조성작업재다대강도개전건강감호,접촉분、분등화합물시부수요증가건강검사항목등문제,각부문상유분기.결론 절강성직업건강검사궤구구비화학물질、분진、조성화고온등건강검사자질비례교고,의료궤구、질병예방공제궤구、현급이상위생감독부문재공작중도능경상사용해표준.대표준수정교일치적의견시증가유해물질충류;상관규정화조관능재현재기출상진일보완선,사신수정적표준경괄합신시기직업위생적요구.
Objective To investigate the possession of occupational health examination qualification among occupational health examination institutions in Zhejiang province,China and the application of GBZ188-2007 "Technical specifications for occupational health surveillance" among related government departments,and to provide a basis for revising and improving the specifications.Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out among occupational health inspection agencies,health supervision authorities,and enterprises of different sizes,which possessed provincial-level occupation health inspection qualifications and had engaged in occupational health examination for more than 2 years.The investigation included awareness,using frequency,and revision suggestion about GBZ 188-2007 "Technical specifications for occupational health surveillance".Results Medical institutions and centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) showed a high rate of occupational health examination qualification possession in chemical substances,dust,noise,and high temperature and a low rate of qualification possession in physical factors,biological factors,special operations,and other aspects.These institutions showed high awareness of chemical substances,dust,and physical factors in GBZ 188-2007 "Technical specifications for occupational health surveillance" and low awareness of other factors.Medical institutions,CDCs,and provincial and municipal health supervision authorities used these specifications more frequently than county-level authorities and enterprises.More than 80％ investigated units believed that the following issues required further optimization:occupational health care,emergency health examination regulations,classification of occupational health inspection reports,and special operation monitoring.It is consistently stressed that for exposure to chemical compounds that may bring harm to various organs of the body,explicit specifications should be made concerning health examination before,during,and after service.Conflicting opinions existed concerning the following issues:satisfaction with GBZ 188-2007 specifications,whether to add contents for care of personnel exposed to biological factors (such as forest encephalitis),the threshold of noise intensity to perform health care,and whether to add health care for exposure to compounds such as benzene and phenols.Conclusion The occupational health inspection agencies in Zhejiang province have a high rate of qualification possession in health examination concerning chemicals,dust,noise,and high temperature.The medical institutions,CDCs,and health supervision departments above the county level often use the specifications at work.It is consistently recommended that more kinds of harmful substances should be included,and related specifications and issues should be further optimized,in order to better meet the requirement of occupational health care in the new era.
