CAJ | 학술논문

目的借鉴新加坡半定量风险评估方法,根据我国国情及建设项目的实际情况对其适当改进,并对某异佛尔酮腈装置存在的化学毒物职业暴露进行风险评估和风险控制.方法通过工程分析和职业病危害因素的识别,采用改进的新加坡半定量风险评估方法对某异佛尔酮腈装置存在的化学品进行风险等级的确定和风险预测.结果本装置存在的化学品主要有异佛尔酮、氢氰酸、甲醇、磷酸、氢氧化钠、氰化钠.根据公式risk=[HR×ER]1/2的推算确定本装置化学品的风险等级:氢氰酸为高风险,氢氧化钠和氰化钠为中等风险,异佛尔酮、甲醇和磷酸为低风险.通过风险等级的划分,确定风险优先处理权,制定了适用于职业病危害预评价的风险控制措施处理表.结论本研究通过风险评估可得出某异佛尔酮腈装置职业病危害为高风险水平,属于职业病危害严重的项目.本研究改进的新加坡半定量风险评估方法改进后更加科学、适用,尤其适用于无类比现场的预评价项目.
목적 차감신가파반정량풍험평고방법,근거아국국정급건설항목적실제정황대기괄당개진,병대모이불이동정장치존재적화학독물직업폭로진행풍험평고화풍험공제.방법 통과공정분석화직업병위해인소적식별,채용개진적신가파반정량풍험평고방법대모이불이동정장치존재적화학품진행풍험등급적학정화풍험예측.결과 본장치존재적화학품주요유이불이동、경청산、갑순、린산、경양화납、청화납.근거공식risk=[HR×ER]1/2적추산학정본장치화학품적풍험등급:경청산위고풍험,경양화납화청화납위중등풍험,이불이동、갑순화린산위저풍험.통과풍험등급적화분,학정풍험우선처리권,제정료괄용우직업병위해예평개적풍험공제조시처리표.결론 본연구통과풍험평고가득출모이불이동정장치직업병위해위고풍험수평,속우직업병위해엄중적항목.본연구개진적신가파반정량풍험평고방법개진후경가과학、괄용,우기괄용우무류비현장적예평개항목.
Objective Risk assessment and risk control for occupational exposure to chemical toxicants were perfonned on an isophorone nitrile device with an annual production of 5,000 tons,based on improved Singaporean semi-quantitative risk assessment method,with consideration of actual situation in China and in the present project.Methods With the use of engineering analysis and identification of occupational hazards in the improved Singaporean semi-quantitative risk assessment method,hazard rating (HR) and risk assessment were performed on chemical toxicants from an isophorone nitrile device with an annual production of 5,000 tons.Results The chemical toxicants in the isophorone nitrile device were mainly isophorone,hydrocyanic acid,methanol,phosphoric acid,sodium hydroxide,and sodium cyanide; the HR values were mild hazard (2),extreme hazard (5),mild hazard (2),mild hazard (2),moderate hazard (3),and extreme hazard (5),respectively,and the corresponding exposure rating (ER) values were 2.09,2.72,2.76,1.68,2.0,and 1.59,respectively.The risk of chemical toxicants in this project was assessed according to the formula Risk=[HR×ER]1/2.Hydrocyanic acid was determined as high risk,sodium hydroxide and sodium cyanide as medium risk,and isophorone,methanol,and phosphoric acid as low risk.Priority in handling of risks was determined by risk rating.The table of risk control measure was established for pre-assessment of occupational hazards.Conclusion With risk assessment in this study,we concluded that the isophorone nitrile device with 5,000 ton annual production was a high-occupational hazard device.This device is a project of extreme occupational hazard.The improved Singaporean semi-quantitative risk assessment method is a scientific and applicable method,and is especially suitable for pre-evaluation of on-site project with no analogy.