中华流行病学杂志
中華流行病學雜誌
중화류행병학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
2014年
2期
138-141
,共4页
张杰%许亮文%陈钊娇%黄仙红%瞿旭平%顾防%马海燕%刘婷婕%吴宪
張傑%許亮文%陳釗嬌%黃仙紅%瞿旭平%顧防%馬海燕%劉婷婕%吳憲
장걸%허량문%진쇠교%황선홍%구욱평%고방%마해연%류정첩%오헌
体育锻炼%阶段变化%心理因素%中学生
體育鍛煉%階段變化%心理因素%中學生
체육단련%계단변화%심리인소%중학생
Physical exercise%Stage change%Mental factors%Middle school students
目的 了解中学生体育锻炼现状及影响因素,为进一步完善健康教育和健康促进措施提供科学依据.方法 采用多阶段随机抽样方法利用心理测定量表调查3个城市3 600名中学生体育锻炼行为,采用t检验、x2检验分析中学生体育锻炼频率、体育锻炼行为变化阶段相关性,对体育锻炼行为的心理因素采用单因素方差分析.结果 中学生每周锻炼时间为(2.66±1.801)d,81.4%的学生锻炼时间<4 d.5个行为阶段中37.3%的学生处于体育锻炼行为的前意向阶段,23.6%的学生处于意向阶段,20.5%的学生处于准备阶段,仅有18.6%的学生处于行动阶段和维持阶段,并随着变化阶段的提高学生体育锻炼时间有所增加;5个行为阶段间的改变策略(F=77.442,P<0.001)、决策平衡正向效应(F=29.498,P<0.001)、负向效应(F=14.784,P<0.001)和自我效能(F=135.544,P<0.001)得分的差异均有统计学意义;从前意向阶段到维持阶段改变策略、决策平衡正向效应、自我效能得分随着变化阶段的提高而增加,而决策平衡负向效应随着变化阶段的提高而减少.结论 中学生每周体育锻炼时间不足,其锻炼行为存在阶段性差异,但大多数学生处于初级阶段;心理因素在不同变化阶段发挥作用不同,提示对不同体育锻炼阶段的学生采取不同的健康教育和心理干预措施,以提高健康促进效果.
目的 瞭解中學生體育鍛煉現狀及影響因素,為進一步完善健康教育和健康促進措施提供科學依據.方法 採用多階段隨機抽樣方法利用心理測定量錶調查3箇城市3 600名中學生體育鍛煉行為,採用t檢驗、x2檢驗分析中學生體育鍛煉頻率、體育鍛煉行為變化階段相關性,對體育鍛煉行為的心理因素採用單因素方差分析.結果 中學生每週鍛煉時間為(2.66±1.801)d,81.4%的學生鍛煉時間<4 d.5箇行為階段中37.3%的學生處于體育鍛煉行為的前意嚮階段,23.6%的學生處于意嚮階段,20.5%的學生處于準備階段,僅有18.6%的學生處于行動階段和維持階段,併隨著變化階段的提高學生體育鍛煉時間有所增加;5箇行為階段間的改變策略(F=77.442,P<0.001)、決策平衡正嚮效應(F=29.498,P<0.001)、負嚮效應(F=14.784,P<0.001)和自我效能(F=135.544,P<0.001)得分的差異均有統計學意義;從前意嚮階段到維持階段改變策略、決策平衡正嚮效應、自我效能得分隨著變化階段的提高而增加,而決策平衡負嚮效應隨著變化階段的提高而減少.結論 中學生每週體育鍛煉時間不足,其鍛煉行為存在階段性差異,但大多數學生處于初級階段;心理因素在不同變化階段髮揮作用不同,提示對不同體育鍛煉階段的學生採取不同的健康教育和心理榦預措施,以提高健康促進效果.
목적 료해중학생체육단련현상급영향인소,위진일보완선건강교육화건강촉진조시제공과학의거.방법 채용다계단수궤추양방법이용심리측정량표조사3개성시3 600명중학생체육단련행위,채용t검험、x2검험분석중학생체육단련빈솔、체육단련행위변화계단상관성,대체육단련행위적심리인소채용단인소방차분석.결과 중학생매주단련시간위(2.66±1.801)d,81.4%적학생단련시간<4 d.5개행위계단중37.3%적학생처우체육단련행위적전의향계단,23.6%적학생처우의향계단,20.5%적학생처우준비계단,부유18.6%적학생처우행동계단화유지계단,병수착변화계단적제고학생체육단련시간유소증가;5개행위계단간적개변책략(F=77.442,P<0.001)、결책평형정향효응(F=29.498,P<0.001)、부향효응(F=14.784,P<0.001)화자아효능(F=135.544,P<0.001)득분적차이균유통계학의의;종전의향계단도유지계단개변책략、결책평형정향효응、자아효능득분수착변화계단적제고이증가,이결책평형부향효응수착변화계단적제고이감소.결론 중학생매주체육단련시간불족,기단련행위존재계단성차이,단대다수학생처우초급계단;심리인소재불동변화계단발휘작용불동,제시대불동체육단련계단적학생채취불동적건강교육화심리간예조시,이제고건강촉진효과.
Objective To study the situation of sports and its influencing factors among students in order to improve health related education and promotion programs.Methods A multistage random sampling method was used on 3 600 students from three cities to understand their physical exercise behavior.Both t and x2 test were used to measure the scale of psychology and to describe the time spent on exercise.Single variance factor was used to measure the levels of change on behavior of physical activities,psychological and physical exercise behaviors.Results The weekly exercise time for students was 2.66 ± 1.801 days,with 81.4% of the students less than four days.Data showed that 37.3%,23.6%,20.5% of the high school students were in pre-contemplation stage,in contemplation stage,or in preparation stage respectively,with only 18.6 percent of the high school students in the action phase and maintaining phase.Students in the stages of change increase the amount of physical exercises.Scores with statistically significant differences were seen in the following areas:between five stages of behavior change on strategies (F=77.442,P<0.001),forward effects on the balance of decision-making (F=29.498,P<0.001),having negative effects (F=14.784,P<0.001) and self-efficacy (F=135.544,P<0.001).Changing strategy on the intention stage of front maintenance phase,positive effects on decision-making balance and self-efficacy scores were increasing along with the increasing stages of changing.The effect of balancing the negative effects increased when the change of phase decreased.Conclusion Students were in lack of physical exercise per week.The differences related to the behavior on physical exercise did exist but most of the high school students were in the primary stage.Psychological factors played important role in the different stages of changing,suggesting that high school students should receive different health education and psychological intervention measures to enhance the effectiveness of physical exercise.