CAJ | 학술논문

目的分析广州地区5个活禽市场休市前后9轮外环境监测结果,评估休市措施对活禽市场禽流感病毒污染控制的成效及影响.方法 2014年1月对5个第1轮环境监测检出H7N9禽流感病毒核酸的活禽市场所有存栏活禽采取扑杀和无害化处理、全面清洗消毒和3d休市的应急措施,其后开展第2轮监测,复市1周内再进行第3～9轮监测.采用RT-PCR检测环境标本中A型流感病毒核酸,阳性标本进一步检测H5、H7、H9病毒亚型.结果共采集外环境标本654份.第1轮监测中A型流感病毒活禽销售摊点阳性率为94.44％,H5/H7/H9病毒亚型阳性率为61.11％,处置消毒后阳性率下降至0,复市后阳性率回升,A型流感病毒阳性率由第3轮的50.00％升至第9轮的72.22％,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),H5/H7/H9病毒亚型阳性率由第3轮的0升至第9轮的44.44％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).首轮监测中A型流感病毒标本阳性率为28.89％,H5/H7/H9病毒亚型标本阳性率为17.78％,处置消毒后标本阳性率降为0,复市后阳性率回升,标本A型流感病毒阳性率由第3轮的19.67％升至第9轮的27.54％,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),H5/H7/H9病毒亚型标本阳性率由第3轮的0升至第9轮的8.70％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).活禽宰杀工具标本A型流感病毒阳性率最高(22.4％,35/156).复市后1周内,后期污水和饮水A型流感病毒阳性率(25.9％,12.4％)均高于初期(8.3％,8.6％),但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).活禽过夜存栏的销售摊点A型流感病毒阳性率(91.7％)高于不存栏过夜者(33.3％),同时售卖多种禽类的摊点A型流感病毒阳性率(85.7％)高于非售卖多种禽类摊点(25.0％),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论市场内活禽宰杀对禽流感病毒污染扩散的风险大,污水、饮水存在禽流感病毒污染蓄积效应,活禽存栏过夜和多种类禽鸟混养是销售摊点存留禽流感病毒的危险因素.对活禽市场采取清洁消毒等休市措施可清除禽流感病毒的污染,但复市后即反弹,对污染控制的持续效果并不明显. 目的分析廣州地區5箇活禽市場休市前後9輪外環境鑑測結果,評估休市措施對活禽市場禽流感病毒汙染控製的成效及影響.方法 2014年1月對5箇第1輪環境鑑測檢齣H7N9禽流感病毒覈痠的活禽市場所有存欄活禽採取撲殺和無害化處理、全麵清洗消毒和3d休市的應急措施,其後開展第2輪鑑測,複市1週內再進行第3～9輪鑑測.採用RT-PCR檢測環境標本中A型流感病毒覈痠,暘性標本進一步檢測H5、H7、H9病毒亞型.結果共採集外環境標本654份.第1輪鑑測中A型流感病毒活禽銷售攤點暘性率為94.44％,H5/H7/H9病毒亞型暘性率為61.11％,處置消毒後暘性率下降至0,複市後暘性率迴升,A型流感病毒暘性率由第3輪的50.00％升至第9輪的72.22％,但差異無統計學意義(P＞0.05),H5/H7/H9病毒亞型暘性率由第3輪的0升至第9輪的44.44％,差異有統計學意義(P＜0.01).首輪鑑測中A型流感病毒標本暘性率為28.89％,H5/H7/H9病毒亞型標本暘性率為17.78％,處置消毒後標本暘性率降為0,複市後暘性率迴升,標本A型流感病毒暘性率由第3輪的19.67％升至第9輪的27.54％,但差異無統計學意義(P＞0.05),H5/H7/H9病毒亞型標本暘性率由第3輪的0升至第9輪的8.70％,差異有統計學意義(P＜0.01).活禽宰殺工具標本A型流感病毒暘性率最高(22.4％,35/156).複市後1週內,後期汙水和飲水A型流感病毒暘性率(25.9％,12.4％)均高于初期(8.3％,8.6％),但差異無統計學意義(P＞0.05).活禽過夜存欄的銷售攤點A型流感病毒暘性率(91.7％)高于不存欄過夜者(33.3％),同時售賣多種禽類的攤點A型流感病毒暘性率(85.7％)高于非售賣多種禽類攤點(25.0％),差異均有統計學意義(P＜0.05).結論市場內活禽宰殺對禽流感病毒汙染擴散的風險大,汙水、飲水存在禽流感病毒汙染蓄積效應,活禽存欄過夜和多種類禽鳥混養是銷售攤點存留禽流感病毒的危險因素.對活禽市場採取清潔消毒等休市措施可清除禽流感病毒的汙染,但複市後即反彈,對汙染控製的持續效果併不明顯.
목적 분석엄주지구5개활금시장휴시전후9륜외배경감측결과,평고휴시조시대활금시장금류감병독오염공제적성효급영향.방법 2014년1월대5개제1륜배경감측검출H7N9금류감병독핵산적활금시장소유존란활금채취복살화무해화처리、전면청세소독화3d휴시적응급조시,기후개전제2륜감측,복시1주내재진행제3～9륜감측.채용RT-PCR검측배경표본중A형류감병독핵산,양성표본진일보검측H5、H7、H9병독아형.결과 공채집외배경표본654빈.제1륜감측중A형류감병독활금소수탄점양성솔위94.44％,H5/H7/H9병독아형양성솔위61.11％,처치소독후양성솔하강지0,복시후양성솔회승,A형류감병독양성솔유제3륜적50.00％승지제9륜적72.22％,단차이무통계학의의(P＞0.05),H5/H7/H9병독아형양성솔유제3륜적0승지제9륜적44.44％,차이유통계학의의(P＜0.01).수륜감측중A형류감병독표본양성솔위28.89％,H5/H7/H9병독아형표본양성솔위17.78％,처치소독후표본양성솔강위0,복시후양성솔회승,표본A형류감병독양성솔유제3륜적19.67％승지제9륜적27.54％,단차이무통계학의의(P＞0.05),H5/H7/H9병독아형표본양성솔유제3륜적0승지제9륜적8.70％,차이유통계학의의(P＜0.01).활금재살공구표본A형류감병독양성솔최고(22.4％,35/156).복시후1주내,후기오수화음수A형류감병독양성솔(25.9％,12.4％)균고우초기(8.3％,8.6％),단차이무통계학의의(P＞0.05).활금과야존란적소수탄점A형류감병독양성솔(91.7％)고우불존란과야자(33.3％),동시수매다충금류적탄점A형류감병독양성솔(85.7％)고우비수매다충금류탄점(25.0％),차이균유통계학의의(P＜0.05).결론 시장내활금재살대금류감병독오염확산적풍험대,오수、음수존재금류감병독오염축적효응,활금존란과야화다충류금조혼양시소수탄점존류금류감병독적위험인소.대활금시장채취청길소독등휴시조시가청제금류감병독적오염,단복시후즉반탄,대오염공제적지속효과병불명현.
Objective To analyze the results of nine-round environmental specimen surveillance programs in five live poultry markets pre-,during and post the ‘closing days’ and to evaluate the effects of ‘closing days’ on live poultry markets regarding the control against avian influenza pollution.Methods In January 2014,control measures including culling poultries,completely cleaning and disinfecting and a ‘three-day-closing’ measure were conducted in five live poultry markets which were found positive for H7N9 nucleic acid in the 1st round environmental specimen surveillance program.Second surveillance program was conducted after a thorough disinfection campaign was launched.Several times surveillance were conducted in one week,after the markets were reopened.RT-PCR was used to test the nucleic acid of HA,H5,H7 and H9 viruses.Results 654 specimens from the environment were collected and tested.During the first round surveillance program,positive rates for influenza A and H5/H7/H9 nucleic acid of poultry stalls appeared to be 94.44％ and 61.11％ respectively.The positive rates of poultry stalls reduced to 0 after the disinfection campaign but increased again after the markets reopened.The positive rate for influenza A of poultry stalls slightly increased from 50.00％ in the third surveillance to 72.22％ in the ninth surveillance (P＞0.05).The positive rate for H5/H7/H9 of poultry stalls showed a significantly increasing trend,from 0 in the third surveillance to 44.44％ in the ninth surveillance (P＜0.01).The positive rates for influenza A and H5/H7/H9 nucleic acid of specimens were 28.89％ and 17.78％ respectively.The positive rate of specimens reduced to 0 after disinfection while increased again after reopening of the markets.The positive rate for influenza A of specimens slightly increased from 19.67％ in the third surveillance to 27.54％ in the ninth surveillance programs (P＞0.05).The positive rate for H5/H7/H9 of specimen showed a significant increasing trend,from 0 in the third surveillance to 8.70％ in the ninth-round surveillance programs (P＜0.01).The positive rate for influenza A was the highest for slaughter-related specimens of 22.4％ (35/156).The positive rates for influenza A from sewage and drinking water being collected on the later stage after the markets reopened (25.9％,12.4％) were higher than those on the early stage (8.3％,8.6％) (P＞0.05).The positive rate for influenza A of poultry stalls with overnight poultry storage (91.7％) was significant higher than that of poultry stalls without the overnight storage (33.3％).The positive rate for influenza A of poultry stalls in which simultaneously selling different kinds of poultry (85.7％)was significant higher than that of poultry stalls in which selling only one kind of poultry at one time (25.0％) (P＜0.05).Conclusion Slaughters in live poultry markets posed a large risk of pollution diffusion.Sewage and drinking water showed an accumulation effect for avian influenza virus.Overnight poultry storage and selling different kinds of poultry at one time at the poultry stalls seemed the risk factors for avian influenza virus transmission.Complete cleaning,disinfecting and several ‘ closing days’ for live poultry markets seemed effective in eliminating avian influenza virus.Once the markets were reopened,they seemed to be soon polluted again.