CAJ | 학술논문

目的调查中国4个城市中小学生白水及饮料的饮用量.方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,于2011年9-10月在北京、上海、广州、成都抽取了5914名中小学生,完成调查5868名.采用连续7d24h饮水记录法,调查每次的饮水量和饮水种类,分析了不同性别、年级、地区的调查对象白水和饮料的饮用量.结果 4个城市中小学生每天白水的饮用量为(744±484) ml(占饮水量的68.3％).广州、北京、上海及成都中小学生白水饮用量分别为(869 ±528)、(818 ±518)、(702±471)和(573±333) ml(F=113.74,P＜0.05)；男生[(809 ±524) ml]高于女生[(683 ±436) ml] (Z =9.58,P＜0.05),城区[(792±531)ml]高于农村[(695±427) ml](Z=-6.09,P＜0.05)；高中生[(829±513)ml]白水饮用量最高,小学生[(672±426) ml]最低(F=55.23,P＜0.05).每天饮用饮料(345±287) ml(占饮水量的31.7％),上海、北京、广州和成都学生的饮料饮用量依次为(424±304)、(347±303)、(316 ±267)和(293±255) ml(F=58.94,P＜0.05)；男生[(348±306) ml]和女生[(342±269)ml]的差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.44,P＞0.05)；城区[(394±301) ml]高于农村[(296±264) ml](Z=-14.48,P＜0.05)；高中生[(356±309) ml]和初中生[(360±301) ml]高于小学生[(328±263) ml] (F =8.37,P＜0.05).结论中国4个城市中小学生主要以饮用白水为主,不同城市、城乡、教育阶段的中小学生白水及饮料的饮用量不同.
목적 조사중국4개성시중소학생백수급음료적음용량.방법 채용다계단수궤추양적방법,우2011년9-10월재북경、상해、엄주、성도추취료5914명중소학생,완성조사5868명.채용련속7d24h음수기록법,조사매차적음수량화음수충류,분석료불동성별、년급、지구적조사대상백수화음료적음용량.결과 4개성시중소학생매천백수적음용량위(744±484) ml(점음수량적68.3％).엄주、북경、상해급성도중소학생백수음용량분별위(869 ±528)、(818 ±518)、(702±471)화(573±333) ml(F=113.74,P＜0.05)；남생[(809 ±524) ml]고우녀생[(683 ±436) ml] (Z =9.58,P＜0.05),성구[(792±531)ml]고우농촌[(695±427) ml](Z=-6.09,P＜0.05)；고중생[(829±513)ml]백수음용량최고,소학생[(672±426) ml]최저(F=55.23,P＜0.05).매천음용음료(345±287) ml(점음수량적31.7％),상해、북경、엄주화성도학생적음료음용량의차위(424±304)、(347±303)、(316 ±267)화(293±255) ml(F=58.94,P＜0.05)；남생[(348±306) ml]화녀생[(342±269)ml]적차이무통계학의의(Z=-1.44,P＞0.05)；성구[(394±301) ml]고우농촌[(296±264) ml](Z=-14.48,P＜0.05)；고중생[(356±309) ml]화초중생[(360±301) ml]고우소학생[(328±263) ml] (F =8.37,P＜0.05).결론 중국4개성시중소학생주요이음용백수위주,불동성시、성향、교육계단적중소학생백수급음료적음용량불동.
Objective To describe the daily consumption of plain water and beverages of primary and middle school students in four cities of China.Methods A total of 5914 students from Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Chengdu were selected using multiple-stage random sampling method,and 5868 students completed the study from September to October 2011.The information on amounts and types of drinking water was recorded using a 24 hour measurement for seven consecutive days.The amount of plain water and beverages was analyzed for subjects in different gender,grades and cities.Results The daily consumption of plain water of subjects was (744 ± 484) ml (68.3％ of total drinking water) with statistically significant difference among the Guangzhou,Beijing,Shanghai and Chengdu ((869 ± 528),(818 ±518),(702 ±471),and (573 ±333)ml;F =113.74,P ＜0.05).The amount of plain water in boys (809 ± 534) ml was significantly higher than in girls (683 ± 436) ml (Z =9.58,P ＜ 0.05) while higher in urban (792 ± 531) ml than in rural (695 ± 427) ml (Z =-6.09,P ＜ 0.05).The consumption of plain water in high school students was the highest (829 ±513)ml,and that in primary students was the lowest (672 ±426) ml (F =55.23,P ＜ 0.05).The average daily consumption of beverages was (345 ± 287) ml (31.7％ of total drinking water) and the highest in Shanghai (424 ± 304) ml,then in Beijing (347 ± 303) ml and in Guangzhou (316 ± 267) ml,the lowest in Chengdu (293 ± 255) ml (F =58.94,P ＜ 0.05).The consumption of beverages for stduents in urban areas (394 ± 301)ml was higher than that in rural areas (296 ± 264)ml (Z =-14.48,P ＜ 0.05),but no significant difference between boys (348 ± 306) ml and girls (342 ±269) ml (Z =-1.44,P ＞ 0.05).The consumption of beverages of high school students (356 ± 309) ml and middle school students (360 ± 301) ml were higher than primary school students (328 ± 263) ml (F =8.37,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The major drinking water of primary and middle school students in four cities of China was plain water.The amounts of consumption of plain water and beverages varied in different cities,urban and rural and levels of education.