CAJ | 학술논문

目的分析三峡水库蓄水对鄱阳湖地区钉螺孳生的影响.方法选择位于鄱阳湖上、中、下游的星子、都昌、进贤和新建4个血吸虫病流行县,以及邻近的4个水文站点进行调查.收集1997-2008年4个水文站点日水位数据,4个县的215块有螺洲滩的高程数据,以及三峡蓄水前1年(2002年)和蓄水后第6年(2008年)4个县的疫情调查数据和钉螺调查数据,比较三峡蓄水前后鄱阳湖水位波动、有螺洲滩水淹天数、钉螺指标和血吸虫病防治指标的变化情况.结果三峡水库蓄水前,鄱阳湖4个水文站平均水位波动为6.91 ～ 12.93 m；蓄水后,平均水位波动减小为5.72 ～10.75 m,水位波动差值为(1.06±0.47)m,年最高水位出现日期平均推迟了12 d,年最低水位出现日期平均提前了12 d.蓄水前,有螺洲滩的平均水淹天数为(100.04±42.06)d,蓄水后为(64.13±22.30)d,差异有统计学意义(t=3.70,P＜0.05).蓄水后,鄱阳湖钉螺密度为0.8437只/0.1 m2,较蓄水前(1.2234只/0.1 m2)下降了31.04％；感染螺密度为0.0014只/0.1 m2,较蓄水前(0.0042只/0.1 m2)下降了67.34％.蓄水前,鄱阳湖钉螺感染率为0.34％,蓄水后为0.16％,差异有统计学意义(x2=53.25,P ＜0.05).人群化疗覆盖率由2002年的4.45％(35 558/798 200)上升到2008年的9.80％(79 457/810 400),差异有统计学意义(x2=17 336.63,P＜0.05)；灭螺覆盖率由2002年的1.35％ (389.04/28 824.66)上升到2008年的7.49％(2260.90/30 166.22),差异有统计学意义(x2=28 824.66,P＜0.05).结论三峡蓄水缩短鄱阳湖地区有螺洲滩水淹天数,不利于钉螺的孳生,对鄱阳湖区血吸虫病的防治将起到积极作用.
목적 분석삼협수고축수대파양호지구정라자생적영향.방법 선택위우파양호상、중、하유적성자、도창、진현화신건4개혈흡충병류행현,이급린근적4개수문참점진행조사.수집1997-2008년4개수문참점일수위수거,4개현적215괴유라주탄적고정수거,이급삼협축수전1년(2002년)화축수후제6년(2008년)4개현적역정조사수거화정라조사수거,비교삼협축수전후파양호수위파동、유라주탄수엄천수、정라지표화혈흡충병방치지표적변화정황.결과 삼협수고축수전,파양호4개수문참평균수위파동위6.91 ～ 12.93 m；축수후,평균수위파동감소위5.72 ～10.75 m,수위파동차치위(1.06±0.47)m,년최고수위출현일기평균추지료12 d,년최저수위출현일기평균제전료12 d.축수전,유라주탄적평균수엄천수위(100.04±42.06)d,축수후위(64.13±22.30)d,차이유통계학의의(t=3.70,P＜0.05).축수후,파양호정라밀도위0.8437지/0.1 m2,교축수전(1.2234지/0.1 m2)하강료31.04％；감염라밀도위0.0014지/0.1 m2,교축수전(0.0042지/0.1 m2)하강료67.34％.축수전,파양호정라감염솔위0.34％,축수후위0.16％,차이유통계학의의(x2=53.25,P ＜0.05).인군화료복개솔유2002년적4.45％(35 558/798 200)상승도2008년적9.80％(79 457/810 400),차이유통계학의의(x2=17 336.63,P＜0.05)；멸라복개솔유2002년적1.35％ (389.04/28 824.66)상승도2008년적7.49％(2260.90/30 166.22),차이유통계학의의(x2=28 824.66,P＜0.05).결론 삼협축수축단파양호지구유라주탄수엄천수,불리우정라적자생,대파양호구혈흡충병적방치장기도적겁작용.
Objective To explore the impact of the impoundment of Three Gorges reservoir on Oncomelania snail habitats of Poyang Lake.Methods Four counties with schistosomiasis endemic around the Poyang Lake,naming as Xingzi,Duchang,Jinxian and Xinjian,were selected as study areas.The average daily water level of four major hydrological stations near the above 4 counties from 1997 to 2008 were collected,as well as the elevation of 215 marshlands with snails in those 4 counties,the data of schistosomiasis endemic situation and snail survey of 4 counties in the year before the impoundment of Three Gorges reservoir (2002) and the 6th year after the impoundment of Three Gorges reservoir (2008).The fluctuations of water levels of Poyang Lake,flooding day of marshland with snails as well as the changes of the indicators in snail survey and prevention and control measures before and after the impoundment of Three Gorges reservoir were compared.Results Before the impoundment of Three Gorges reservoir,the fluctuations of average water level of the four hydrological stations around Poyang Lake was 6.91-12.93 m; which reduced to 5.72-10.75 m after the impoundment.The D-value of the fluctuations of average water level was (1.06 ±0.47) m.The date of the annual maximum water level delayed by an average of 12 d; while the date of annual minimum water level arrived an average of 12 d earlier than the impoundment of Three Gorges reservoir.The average flooding days of marshland with snails were separately (100.04 ± 42.06) d before the impoundment and (64.13 ± 22.30) d after the impoundment.The difference was statistically significant (t =3.70,P ＜ 0.05).The density of snails in the 4 counties around Poyang Lake was 0.8437/0.1 m2 after the impoundment; declining by 31.04％ from the snail density (1.2234/0.1 m2) before the impoundment.The density of infectious snails was 0.0014/0.1 m2 after the impoundment; dropping by 67.34％ from it (0.0042/0.1 m2) before the impoundment; the infection rate of snails was separately 0.34％ after the impoundment and 0.16％ before the impoundment.The difference was statistically significant (x2 =53.25,P ＜ 0.05).The coverage rate of chemotherapy increased from 4.45％ (35 558/798 200) in 2002 to 9.80％(79 457/810 400) in 2008 ; the difference was statistically significant (x2 =17 336.63,P ＜ 0.05).The coverage rate of snail killing increased from 1.35％ (389.04/28 824.66) in 2002 to 7.49％ (2260.90/30 166.22) in 2008; the difference was also statistically significant (x2 =28 824.66,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The impact of the impoundment of Three Gorges reservoir shortened the flooding days of marshland with snails and helped the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake regions as the environment went against the breeding of the snails.