中华预防医学杂志
中華預防醫學雜誌
중화예방의학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF
2013年
4期
347-351
,共5页
宁艳%陶茂萱%胡俊峰%李雨波%程玉兰%张刚%胡桃%李莉%柴燕
寧豔%陶茂萱%鬍俊峰%李雨波%程玉蘭%張剛%鬍桃%李莉%柴燕
저염%도무훤%호준봉%리우파%정옥란%장강%호도%리리%시연
灾害%应急准备%影响因素
災害%應急準備%影響因素
재해%응급준비%영향인소
Disasters%Emergency preparedness%Affecting factors
目的 了解陕西省4个区(县)居民的灾害事件应急准备现状及影响因素.方法 采用多阶段抽样的方法,于2008年9-10月对陕西省西安市新城区、汉中市汉台区、渭南市富平县、安康市旬阳县的城乡居民进行抽样调查.通过对18 ～ 88岁的1945名调查对象进行问卷调查,了解调查对象对灾害事件的经历与预期、备灾知识、备灾行为和应急物资储备情况,用logistic回归分析家庭应急物资储备情况的影响因素.结果 1945名调查对象的年龄为(43.55±12.76)岁.7.12％(138/1939)的调查对象从未经历过灾害事件.调查对象认为当地最有可能发生的两种灾害事件为地震和火灾(57.35％,1175/2049;19.81％,406/2049).调查对象对家庭应急准备4项内容(了解可能发生的灾害、制订家庭逃生计划、准备逃生物品、进行逃生演练)的总知晓率为51.43％(989/1923),23.41％(454/1939)的调查对象经常与家人讨论如何应对灾害事件,9.27％(179/1932)的调查对象进行过逃生演练.有11.42％(221/1935)的调查对象家庭有逃生包,仅有3.77％(73/1938)的家庭有灭火器.城市居民、大专及以上文化程度者、经常与家人讨论如何应对灾害事件者、进行过逃生演练的家庭应急物资储备率分别为23.64％(230/973)、30.56％(55/180)、31.19％(141/452)、54.49％ (97/178).初中、高中或中专、大专及以上文化程度者储备应急物资的可能性分别为文盲或半文盲者的5.02倍(95％CI:1.12 ～ 22.42)、5.74倍(95％ CI:1.27 ～ 26.04)和6.84倍(95％ CI:1.44 ～32.39)；城市居民储备应急物资的可能性高于农村居民(OR =4.38,95％CI:2.74～7.00)；与从不讨论者相比,经常与家人讨论者储备应急物资的可能性更高(OR=4.99,95％ CI:2.52～9.91)；进行过逃生演练者储备应急物资的可能性是没有进行过逃生演练者的5.72倍(95％ CI:3.84 ～ 8.51).结论 陕西省4个区(县)居民缺乏全面的备灾知识和适当的防灾抗灾行为,家庭应急物资的储备率较低；高文化程度、在城市居住、经常与家人讨论如何应对灾害事件、进行逃生演练是家庭应急物资储备的保护因素.
目的 瞭解陝西省4箇區(縣)居民的災害事件應急準備現狀及影響因素.方法 採用多階段抽樣的方法,于2008年9-10月對陝西省西安市新城區、漢中市漢檯區、渭南市富平縣、安康市旬暘縣的城鄉居民進行抽樣調查.通過對18 ～ 88歲的1945名調查對象進行問捲調查,瞭解調查對象對災害事件的經歷與預期、備災知識、備災行為和應急物資儲備情況,用logistic迴歸分析傢庭應急物資儲備情況的影響因素.結果 1945名調查對象的年齡為(43.55±12.76)歲.7.12％(138/1939)的調查對象從未經歷過災害事件.調查對象認為噹地最有可能髮生的兩種災害事件為地震和火災(57.35％,1175/2049;19.81％,406/2049).調查對象對傢庭應急準備4項內容(瞭解可能髮生的災害、製訂傢庭逃生計劃、準備逃生物品、進行逃生縯練)的總知曉率為51.43％(989/1923),23.41％(454/1939)的調查對象經常與傢人討論如何應對災害事件,9.27％(179/1932)的調查對象進行過逃生縯練.有11.42％(221/1935)的調查對象傢庭有逃生包,僅有3.77％(73/1938)的傢庭有滅火器.城市居民、大專及以上文化程度者、經常與傢人討論如何應對災害事件者、進行過逃生縯練的傢庭應急物資儲備率分彆為23.64％(230/973)、30.56％(55/180)、31.19％(141/452)、54.49％ (97/178).初中、高中或中專、大專及以上文化程度者儲備應急物資的可能性分彆為文盲或半文盲者的5.02倍(95％CI:1.12 ～ 22.42)、5.74倍(95％ CI:1.27 ～ 26.04)和6.84倍(95％ CI:1.44 ～32.39)；城市居民儲備應急物資的可能性高于農村居民(OR =4.38,95％CI:2.74～7.00)；與從不討論者相比,經常與傢人討論者儲備應急物資的可能性更高(OR=4.99,95％ CI:2.52～9.91)；進行過逃生縯練者儲備應急物資的可能性是沒有進行過逃生縯練者的5.72倍(95％ CI:3.84 ～ 8.51).結論 陝西省4箇區(縣)居民缺乏全麵的備災知識和適噹的防災抗災行為,傢庭應急物資的儲備率較低；高文化程度、在城市居住、經常與傢人討論如何應對災害事件、進行逃生縯練是傢庭應急物資儲備的保護因素.
목적 료해합서성4개구(현)거민적재해사건응급준비현상급영향인소.방법 채용다계단추양적방법,우2008년9-10월대합서성서안시신성구、한중시한태구、위남시부평현、안강시순양현적성향거민진행추양조사.통과대18 ～ 88세적1945명조사대상진행문권조사,료해조사대상대재해사건적경력여예기、비재지식、비재행위화응급물자저비정황,용logistic회귀분석가정응급물자저비정황적영향인소.결과 1945명조사대상적년령위(43.55±12.76)세.7.12％(138/1939)적조사대상종미경력과재해사건.조사대상인위당지최유가능발생적량충재해사건위지진화화재(57.35％,1175/2049;19.81％,406/2049).조사대상대가정응급준비4항내용(료해가능발생적재해、제정가정도생계화、준비도생물품、진행도생연련)적총지효솔위51.43％(989/1923),23.41％(454/1939)적조사대상경상여가인토론여하응대재해사건,9.27％(179/1932)적조사대상진행과도생연련.유11.42％(221/1935)적조사대상가정유도생포,부유3.77％(73/1938)적가정유멸화기.성시거민、대전급이상문화정도자、경상여가인토론여하응대재해사건자、진행과도생연련적가정응급물자저비솔분별위23.64％(230/973)、30.56％(55/180)、31.19％(141/452)、54.49％ (97/178).초중、고중혹중전、대전급이상문화정도자저비응급물자적가능성분별위문맹혹반문맹자적5.02배(95％CI:1.12 ～ 22.42)、5.74배(95％ CI:1.27 ～ 26.04)화6.84배(95％ CI:1.44 ～32.39)；성시거민저비응급물자적가능성고우농촌거민(OR =4.38,95％CI:2.74～7.00)；여종불토론자상비,경상여가인토론자저비응급물자적가능성경고(OR=4.99,95％ CI:2.52～9.91)；진행과도생연련자저비응급물자적가능성시몰유진행과도생연련자적5.72배(95％ CI:3.84 ～ 8.51).결론 합서성4개구(현)거민결핍전면적비재지식화괄당적방재항재행위,가정응급물자적저비솔교저；고문화정도、재성시거주、경상여가인토론여하응대재해사건、진행도생연련시가정응급물자저비적보호인소.
Objective To investigate the status of household disaster preparedness in 4 counties of Shaanxi province and explore the affecting factors.Methods During the period from September to October in 2008,multi-stage sampling was used to select subjects from urban and rural residents in Xincheng district,Hantai district,Fuping county and Xunyang county of Shaanxi province.Questionnaire survey was conducted among 1945 subjects aged 18-88 years to investigate their experience and expectation of disaster events,preparedness knowledge,activities and emergency supplies.Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing household disaster preparedness.Results The average age of the 1945 subjects was (43.55 ±12.76) years old.A total of 7.12％ (138/1939) of respondents never experienced disaster.Earthquake and firc (57.35 ％ (1175/2049),19.81％ (406/2049),respectively) were rated as the two disasters most likely to occur.The awareness rate of knowledge about household disaster preparedness was 51.43 ％ (989/1923),and 23.41％ (454/1939) discussed how to prepare for disaster with their family,only 9.27％ (179/1932)attended evacuation drill.The rates of preparing household emergency supplies were 23.64％ (230/973),30.56％ (55/180),31.19％ (141/452) and 54.49％ (97/178) for urban residents,subjects with junior college or above education,subjects having frequent family discussions of disaster preparedness and subjects participating in emergency rescue drills,respectively.For subjects with junior high school,senior high school and junior college or higher education,the likelihood of preparing household emergency supplies was 5.02 (95 ％ CI:1.12-22.42),5.74 (95 ％ CI:1.27-26.04) and 6.84 (95 ％ CI:1.44-32.39) times as that of illiterate,respectively.Urban residents,subjects who often discussed disaster preparedness with their family,and who participated in emergency rescue drills were more likely to prepare emergency supplies than rural residents (OR =4.38,95 ％ CI:2.74-7.00),those who never discussed (OR =4.99,95％ CI:2.52-9.91),and who didn' t participate (OR =5.72,95 ％ CI:3.84-8.51).Conclusion The residents in 4 counties of Shaanxi lack comprehensive knowledge and appropriate activities of disaster preparedness,the rate of preparing household emergency supplies is low.Higher education,living in urban area,frequent family discussions of disaster preparedness and participating in emergency rescue drills are facilitating factors of preparing household emergency supplies.
