CAJ | 학술논문

目的调查我国一般人群血和尿中铅、镉水平,分析其分布特点.方法于2009-2010年,采用整群随机抽样的方法,在我国东部、西部和中部8个省份的24个市县抽取了18 120名6 ～ 60岁人群为调查对象,分别采集血液和尿液样品.应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测血和尿液中的铅、镉水平,分析了性别和区域对血和尿中铅、镉水平的影响.结果我国一般人群全血中铅的几何均数为34.9 μg/L;男性和女性分别为40.1、30.4 μg/L(Z=-28.05,P＜0.05);东、中和西部人群分别为31.2、38.8和58.9 μg/L(x2=1 483.33,P＜0.05).一般人群尿铅几何均数为1.05 μg/L;男性和女性分别为1.06和1.05 μg/L(Z=-0.73,P＞0.05);东、中和西部人群分别为0.76、2.85和3.22 μg/L(x2=1 982.11,P＜0.05).我国一般人群全血中镉的几何均数为0.49 μg/L;男性和女性分别为0.60、0.41μg/L(Z=-11.79,P＜0.05);东、中和西部人群分别为0.45、0.65和0.67 μg/L(x2 =69.87,P＜0.05).一般人群尿镉的几何均数为0.28 μg/L;男性和女性分别为0.29和0.28 μg/L(Z=-3.86,P＜0.05);东、中和西部人群分别为0.29、0.42、0.18μg/L(x2=402.76,P＜0.05).血铅与尿铅、血镉与尿镉相关系数分别为0.21和0.22,均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论我国一般人群血和尿中铅、镉水平较高,且存在性别及地区差异;血铅与尿铅、血镉与尿镉呈正相关.
목적 조사아국일반인군혈화뇨중연、력수평,분석기분포특점.방법 우2009-2010년,채용정군수궤추양적방법,재아국동부、서부화중부8개성빈적24개시현추취료18 120명6 ～ 60세인군위조사대상,분별채집혈액화뇨액양품.응용전감우합등리자체질보법검측혈화뇨액중적연、력수평,분석료성별화구역대혈화뇨중연、력수평적영향.결과 아국일반인군전혈중연적궤하균수위34.9 μg/L;남성화녀성분별위40.1、30.4 μg/L(Z=-28.05,P＜0.05);동、중화서부인군분별위31.2、38.8화58.9 μg/L(x2=1 483.33,P＜0.05).일반인군뇨연궤하균수위1.05 μg/L;남성화녀성분별위1.06화1.05 μg/L(Z=-0.73,P＞0.05);동、중화서부인군분별위0.76、2.85화3.22 μg/L(x2=1 982.11,P＜0.05).아국일반인군전혈중력적궤하균수위0.49 μg/L;남성화녀성분별위0.60、0.41μg/L(Z=-11.79,P＜0.05);동、중화서부인군분별위0.45、0.65화0.67 μg/L(x2 =69.87,P＜0.05).일반인군뇨력적궤하균수위0.28 μg/L;남성화녀성분별위0.29화0.28 μg/L(Z=-3.86,P＜0.05);동、중화서부인군분별위0.29、0.42、0.18μg/L(x2=402.76,P＜0.05).혈연여뇨연、혈력여뇨력상관계수분별위0.21화0.22,균구유통계학의의(P＜0.05).결론 아국일반인군혈화뇨중연、력수평교고,차존재성별급지구차이;혈연여뇨연、혈력여뇨력정정상관.
Objective To evaluate the levels of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in blood and urine among general population in China,and thereby analyze their prevalent features.Methods A total of 18 120 subjects from general population aged 6-60 years were recruited from 24 districts in 8 provinces in eastern,central and western China mainland from 2009 to 2010,by cluster random sampling method.The blood samples and urine samples of these people were collected.The questionnaire survey was used to collect the information of the living environment and health conditions.Inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry was applied to test the Pb and Cd levels in the samples,and the distribution of Pb and Cd in blood and urine for different ages,genders,areas and life habits were then analyzed.Results Among the general population in China,the geometric mean(GM)of blood Pb concentration was 34.9 μg/L;the GM of blood Pb in male and female groups were 40.1 and 30.4 μg/L(Z =-28.05,P ＜0.05),respectively; the GM from eastern,central and western China were 31.2,38.8 and 58.9 μg/L(x2 =1 483.33,P ＜ 0.05),respectively.The GM of urine Pb of the whole population was 1.05 μg/L; while the GM in male and female groups were 1.06 μg/L and 1.05 μg/L (Z =-0.73,P ＞ 0.05),respectively; the values from eastern,central and western China were 0.76,2.85 and 3.22 μg/L (x2 =1 982.11,P ＜ 0.05),respectively.The GM of blood Cd concentration among general population was 0.49 μg/L;and the values in male and female group were 0.60 and 0.41 μg/L(Z =-11.79,P ＜ 0.05),respectively ; the GM from eastern,central and western China were 0.45,0.65 and 0.67 μg/L(x2 =69.87,P ＜ 0.05),respectively; the GM of urine Cd concentration of the whole population was 0.28 μg/L,while the GM in male and female groups were 0.29 and 0.28 μg/L (Z =-3.86,P ＜ 0.05),respectively ; the values from eastern,central and western China were 0.29,0.42 and 0.18 μg/L(x2 =402.76,P ＜ 0.05),respectively.the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for Cd in blood and Cd in urine was 0.22,for Pb in blood and Pb in urine was 0.21.Both the correlations were statistic significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The Pb and Cd levels in blood and urine were relatively higher among general population in China varying by gender and area.There were positive correlations between Pb and Cd levels in blood and those in urine.