CAJ | 학술논문

目的调查2013年中国5个省牛源金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药谱分布,并了解其基因分型情况.方法于2013年从我国5个省的15个牛群(包括12家规模化养殖场和3家养殖合作社),采集泌乳牛乳头涂抹样品、榨乳杯内衬涂抹样品、隐性乳房炎患牛患病乳区牛奶样品共计680份,应用微量肉汤稀释法检测分离株对10种抗生素的耐药分布;运用PFGE方法对分离株进行基因分型.结果共分离出111株金黄色葡萄球菌,分离株对7种受试抗生素耐药:青霉素[90.1％(100/111)]红霉素[48.6％ (54/111)],环丙沙星[36.9％ (41/111)],克林霉素[27.9％ (31/111)],庆大霉素[18.9％ (21/111)],氯霉素[9.0％ (10/111)],四环素[7.2％ (8/111)],所有分离株对苯唑西林、万古霉素、复方新诺明均敏感;总体耐药率达92.8％(103/111),多重耐药率达38.7％ (43/111);合作社分离株耐药率[100％(48/48)]高于养殖场分离株[87％(55/63)],差异有统计学意义(x2=4.80,P＜0.05);合作社分离株多重耐药率[54％(26/48)]高于养殖场分离株[27％(17/63)],差异有统计学意义(x2=8.48,P ＜ 0.05).111株菌经PFGE方法分成8个型,6个优势型别占据菌株数量的98.2％ (109/111),分别在2～9个牛群流行,各牛群包含的型别从1～4种不等并倾向于以一种型别为主;牛群内部奶样分离株和涂抹样分离株可归入同一型.菌株耐药谱分布和PFGE分型结果未见相关性.结论牛源金黄色葡萄球菌分离株耐药严重,尤以合作社分离株为甚,各牛群具有优势基因型别,某些型别可在多个牛群流行.
목적 조사2013년중국5개성우원금황색포도구균적내약보분포,병료해기기인분형정황.방법 우2013년종아국5개성적15개우군(포괄12가규모화양식장화3가양식합작사),채집비유우유두도말양품、자유배내츤도말양품、은성유방염환우환병유구우내양품공계680빈,응용미량육탕희석법검측분리주대10충항생소적내약분포;운용PFGE방법대분리주진행기인분형.결과 공분리출111주금황색포도구균,분리주대7충수시항생소내약:청매소[90.1％(100/111)]홍매소[48.6％ (54/111)],배병사성[36.9％ (41/111)],극림매소[27.9％ (31/111)],경대매소[18.9％ (21/111)],록매소[9.0％ (10/111)],사배소[7.2％ (8/111)],소유분리주대분서서림、만고매소、복방신낙명균민감;총체내약솔체92.8％(103/111),다중내약솔체38.7％ (43/111);합작사분리주내약솔[100％(48/48)]고우양식장분리주[87％(55/63)],차이유통계학의의(x2=4.80,P＜0.05);합작사분리주다중내약솔[54％(26/48)]고우양식장분리주[27％(17/63)],차이유통계학의의(x2=8.48,P ＜ 0.05).111주균경PFGE방법분성8개형,6개우세형별점거균주수량적98.2％ (109/111),분별재2～9개우군류행,각우군포함적형별종1～4충불등병경향우이일충형별위주;우군내부내양분리주화도말양분리주가귀입동일형.균주내약보분포화PFGE분형결과미견상관성.결론 우원금황색포도구균분리주내약엄중,우이합작사분리주위심,각우군구유우세기인형별,모사형별가재다개우군류행.
Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance profiles and genetic diversity of staphylococcus aureus isolated from lactating cows of 5 provinces in China,2013.Methods A total of 680 samples were collected from 15 herds (12 farms,3 artels) in 5 provinces of China in 2013,including swabs of extramammary sites (bovine teat skin and milking machine liners) and quarter milk samples from lactating cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis.The antimicrobial resistance of the isolates were tested by broth microdilution method and the genotypes were determined by PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) method.Results A total of 111 isolates were isolated and identified as staphylococcus aureus.Resistance to penicillin (90.1％ (100/111)),erythromycin (48.6％ (54/111)),ciprofloxacin (36.9％ (41/111)),clindamycin (27.9％ (31/111)),gentamycin (18.9％ (21/111)),chloramphenicol (9.0％ (10/111)),tetracycline (7.2％ (8/111)) of these strains were observed.All isolates were sensitive to oxacillin,vancomycin and selectrin.92.8％ (103/111) staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial.38.7％ (43/111) strains were multi-drug resistant isolates.The resistance rate of isolates in artels (100％ (48/48)) was higher than it in farms (87％ (55/63)) and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.80,P ＜ 0.05).The multi-resistance rate of isolates in artels (54％ (26/48)) was higher than it in farms (27％ (17/63)) and the difference was also statistically significant (x2 =8.48,P ＜0.05).The 111 strains were clustered into 8 types,6 out of which were consisted of 98％ isolates (109/111),and were prevalent in 2 to 9 herds.Every herd had 1 to 4 types,and tend to be comprised by one major type.Most swab isolates were indistinguishable from isolates infecting the mammary gland.There were no relationship between antimicrobial resistance profiles and genotypes of these isolates.Conclusion The drug resistance of staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with lactating cows of 5 provinces in China is serious,especially the isolates collected from artels.A few specialized clones were responsible for most of the cases of bovine mastitis in a single herd and some clones might have a broad geographic distribution.