CAJ | 학술논문

目的研制出适合中国国情的农村小学生忽视评价常模.方法根据多阶段分层整群抽样原则,从全国7个省、2个直辖市共计28个县中抽取农村小学生进行现场问卷调查.调查问卷是自行设计、多次预试验修订并经专家评审后确定的.两种忽视评价问卷(6～8、9～11岁)分别获得有效样本2 792名和3 070名,共计5 862名.经过项目分析、因素分析、信度与效度分析确定常模量表并检验其可靠性与稳定性,采用百分位数法确定量表的评价标准,最终完成常模研制.结果两种常模量表最终保留题项数分别为69、58个,均包含身体、情感、医疗、教育、安全和社会6个忽视层面.两组均进行了4次因素分析,信度检验结果显示,两种量表的因素负荷量分别在0.290 ～0.700和0.276 ～0.729之间,Cronbach'α值分别为0.924、0.929,折半系数分别为0.891、0.904,其重测信度分别为0.559、0.892,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中6～8岁组医疗忽视层面的重测信度无统计学意义,但非常接近界值点(P=0.054);外部效度检验结果显示,两种量表均能客观反映受试对象受忽视的状况(P＜0.05),但是被试者对忽视的主观感受与客观评价不够一致.6～8岁与9～11岁忽视量表判断受试儿童是否受到忽视的界值点分别为159、137分;经调整后分别为160、135分.结论本研究开发的两种常模量表均具有良好的鉴别力、信度、效度和稳定性,在此基础上研制的常模是符合中国国情的农村小学生忽视评价常模.
목적 연제출괄합중국국정적농촌소학생홀시평개상모.방법 근거다계단분층정군추양원칙,종전국7개성、2개직할시공계28개현중추취농촌소학생진행현장문권조사.조사문권시자행설계、다차예시험수정병경전가평심후학정적.량충홀시평개문권(6～8、9～11세)분별획득유효양본2 792명화3 070명,공계5 862명.경과항목분석、인소분석、신도여효도분석학정상모량표병검험기가고성여은정성,채용백분위수법학정량표적평개표준,최종완성상모연제.결과 량충상모량표최종보류제항수분별위69、58개,균포함신체、정감、의료、교육、안전화사회6개홀시층면.량조균진행료4차인소분석,신도검험결과현시,량충량표적인소부하량분별재0.290 ～0.700화0.276 ～0.729지간,Cronbach'α치분별위0.924、0.929,절반계수분별위0.891、0.904,기중측신도분별위0.559、0.892,차이구유통계학의의(P＜0.05),기중6～8세조의료홀시층면적중측신도무통계학의의,단비상접근계치점(P=0.054);외부효도검험결과현시,량충량표균능객관반영수시대상수홀시적상황(P＜0.05),단시피시자대홀시적주관감수여객관평개불구일치.6～8세여9～11세홀시량표판단수시인동시부수도홀시적계치점분별위159、137분;경조정후분별위160、135분.결론 본연구개발적량충상모량표균구유량호적감별력、신도、효도화은정성,재차기출상연제적상모시부합중국국정적농촌소학생홀시평개상모.
Objective To develop a standard Neglect Evaluation Scale which is suitable for rural primary school students in China.Methods According to the principle of multi-stage stratified cluster sampling,a field investigation was conducted among primary school students in 28 counties from 7 provinces and 2 municipalities.The questionnaires were self-designed,and determined by multiple rounds of pilots and revisions.Among 5 862 students,2 792(6-8 years' old) and 3 070(9-11 years' old) were investigated by using two kinds of Neglect Evaluation questionnaires,respectively.After project analysis,factor analysis,reliability and validity analysis,the reliability and stability of the scale were tested.Then percentile method was used to determine the evaluation standard to develop and finalize the formal scale.Results The numbers of the remaining items for 6-8 year-old group and 9-11 year-old group is 69 and 58,respectively,both of which contain six levels of neglect,including body,emotion,health care,education,security,and society.4 times of factor analysis were conducted in both of the two groups.The factor loadings in these two groups were 0.290-0.700 and 0.276-0.729 respectively.Reliability test results showed that the two kinds of scales' Cronbach alpha coefficient were 0.924 and 0.929 respectively,split-half reliability were 0.891 and 0.904 respectively,the retest reliability were 0.559 and 0.892 respectively,the differences were statistically significant(P ＜0.05).The retest reliability among 6-8 year-old group in medical neglect level had no statistical significance,but was close to the cut-off point (P =0.054).The test results of external validity indicated that both of the two scales could reflect the neglect status of the subjects (P ＜ 0.05),but the subjective and objective evaluation towards neglect were not consistent.The cut-off points for judging whether the children were neglected or not among 6-8 year-old and 9-11 year-old groups were 159 and 137 respectively; and the adjusted values were 160 and 135 respectively.Conclusion The two norm scales developed by this study showed good discriminability,reliability,validity,and stability.The norms developed on the basis of the scales was suitable for the situation of rural students in primary schools in China.