目的 从机构开展工作的角度评价中国7个省份对WHO《烟草控制框架公约》(简称《公约》)的执行情况.方法 2010年和2012年采用多阶段抽样方法,选取中国7个省份的医院、学校、政府、卫生行政部门和公共交通场所作为调查对象,共901个.采用知情人问卷调查和现场观察法了解其对《公约》的执行情况,对无烟环境创建、控烟知识传播和培训,以及戒烟相关措施实施等工作的开展情况进行比较.结果 在无烟环境创建方面,各类机构差异明显,其中医院、卫生行政部门和学校有全面无烟政策的比例较高,在2012年分别为83.3％ (111/192)、81.6％ (146/179)和66.5％(121/182),与政府机构(32.4％,33/102)和公共交通场所(25.0％,27/108)相比,差异有统计学意义(x2=174.93,P＜0.01).控烟知识传播和培训方面,开展控烟宣传工作的卫生行政部门比例由2010年的78.1％(150/192)上升至2012年的100.0％ (192/192)(x2=42.00,P＜0.01).针对媒体进行控烟培训的卫生行政部门所占比例较低,仅为11.8％(22/187),低于针对卫生行政部门单位内部进行培训的比例(67.7％,128/189)(x2=413.99,P＜0.01);戒烟相关工作上,为员工提供戒烟帮助、开展戒烟技巧培训或开设戒烟门诊的被调查机构所占比例分别为41.1％ (312/760)、55.6％(104/187)和45.9％ (89/194).上海市在多项指标上工作开展情况均较好,28所学校中的27所均实施了全面无烟政策,而江西26所学校中仅3所有此政策,差异有统计学意义(x2=47.63,P＜0.01).控烟健康教育课程指标,上海24所学校全部达标,浙江29所中有23所达标,最低为江西,26所中仅12所达标,差异有统计学意义(x2=17.95,P＜0.01).结论 中国7省份的5类机构对《公约》的执行有不同程度进展,但还需进一步推进公共交通场所等机构的无烟环境创建,加强卫生行政部门对媒体的控烟培训,以及提高医疗机构提供戒烟服务的能力.
目的 從機構開展工作的角度評價中國7箇省份對WHO《煙草控製框架公約》(簡稱《公約》)的執行情況.方法 2010年和2012年採用多階段抽樣方法,選取中國7箇省份的醫院、學校、政府、衛生行政部門和公共交通場所作為調查對象,共901箇.採用知情人問捲調查和現場觀察法瞭解其對《公約》的執行情況,對無煙環境創建、控煙知識傳播和培訓,以及戒煙相關措施實施等工作的開展情況進行比較.結果 在無煙環境創建方麵,各類機構差異明顯,其中醫院、衛生行政部門和學校有全麵無煙政策的比例較高,在2012年分彆為83.3％ (111/192)、81.6％ (146/179)和66.5％(121/182),與政府機構(32.4％,33/102)和公共交通場所(25.0％,27/108)相比,差異有統計學意義(x2=174.93,P＜0.01).控煙知識傳播和培訓方麵,開展控煙宣傳工作的衛生行政部門比例由2010年的78.1％(150/192)上升至2012年的100.0％ (192/192)(x2=42.00,P＜0.01).針對媒體進行控煙培訓的衛生行政部門所佔比例較低,僅為11.8％(22/187),低于針對衛生行政部門單位內部進行培訓的比例(67.7％,128/189)(x2=413.99,P＜0.01);戒煙相關工作上,為員工提供戒煙幫助、開展戒煙技巧培訓或開設戒煙門診的被調查機構所佔比例分彆為41.1％ (312/760)、55.6％(104/187)和45.9％ (89/194).上海市在多項指標上工作開展情況均較好,28所學校中的27所均實施瞭全麵無煙政策,而江西26所學校中僅3所有此政策,差異有統計學意義(x2=47.63,P＜0.01).控煙健康教育課程指標,上海24所學校全部達標,浙江29所中有23所達標,最低為江西,26所中僅12所達標,差異有統計學意義(x2=17.95,P＜0.01).結論 中國7省份的5類機構對《公約》的執行有不同程度進展,但還需進一步推進公共交通場所等機構的無煙環境創建,加彊衛生行政部門對媒體的控煙培訓,以及提高醫療機構提供戒煙服務的能力.
목적 종궤구개전공작적각도평개중국7개성빈대WHO《연초공제광가공약》(간칭《공약》)적집행정황.방법 2010년화2012년채용다계단추양방법,선취중국7개성빈적의원、학교、정부、위생행정부문화공공교통장소작위조사대상,공901개.채용지정인문권조사화현장관찰법료해기대《공약》적집행정황,대무연배경창건、공연지식전파화배훈,이급계연상관조시실시등공작적개전정황진행비교.결과 재무연배경창건방면,각류궤구차이명현,기중의원、위생행정부문화학교유전면무연정책적비례교고,재2012년분별위83.3％ (111/192)、81.6％ (146/179)화66.5％(121/182),여정부궤구(32.4％,33/102)화공공교통장소(25.0％,27/108)상비,차이유통계학의의(x2=174.93,P＜0.01).공연지식전파화배훈방면,개전공연선전공작적위생행정부문비례유2010년적78.1％(150/192)상승지2012년적100.0％ (192/192)(x2=42.00,P＜0.01).침대매체진행공연배훈적위생행정부문소점비례교저,부위11.8％(22/187),저우침대위생행정부문단위내부진행배훈적비례(67.7％,128/189)(x2=413.99,P＜0.01);계연상관공작상,위원공제공계연방조、개전계연기교배훈혹개설계연문진적피조사궤구소점비례분별위41.1％ (312/760)、55.6％(104/187)화45.9％ (89/194).상해시재다항지표상공작개전정황균교호,28소학교중적27소균실시료전면무연정책,이강서26소학교중부3소유차정책,차이유통계학의의(x2=47.63,P＜0.01).공연건강교육과정지표,상해24소학교전부체표,절강29소중유23소체표,최저위강서,26소중부12소체표,차이유통계학의의(x2=17.95,P＜0.01).결론 중국7성빈적5류궤구대《공약》적집행유불동정도진전,단환수진일보추진공공교통장소등궤구적무연배경창건,가강위생행정부문대매체적공연배훈,이급제고의료궤구제공계연복무적능력.
Objective To assess the implementation of World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) by organizations in seven provinces/municipalities in China.Methods A total of 901 organizations,including hospitals,schools,government departments,health administrative departments and public transportation facilities,were selected by multistage sampling method in five provinces and two municipalities in China,2010 and 2012.Key informant interview and observation survey were conducted to collect data on implementation of WHO FCTC.Analysis was performed among three clusters of indexes,which were establishment of smoke-free environment,education and training on tobacco control,and tobacco cessation measures.Results The five types of organizations performed differently in creating smoke-free environment.The ratios of conducting complete smoke-free policy in hospitals,health administrative departments and schools were separately 83.3％ (111/192),81.6％ (146/179) and 66.5％ (121/182) in 2012,which were comparatively higher than those in governments (32.4％,33/102) and public transport facilities (25.0％,27/108) (x2 =174.93,P ＜ 0.01).As for promotion and training programs of tobacco control information,the ratio of health administrative departments raised from 78.1％ (150/192) to 100.0％ (192/192),and the difference showed statistical significance (x2 =42.00,P ＜ 0.01).But those departments who provide training to social media only accounted for 11.8％ (22/187),which was substantially lower than the percentage of those providing training to themselves (67.7％,128/189) (x2 =413.99,P ＜ 0.01).Three indexes of tobacco cessation related work--offering help in tobacco use quitting,providing health workers with training on tobacco cessation skills and establishing tobacco cessation clinics,only reached as low as 41.1％ (312/760),55.6％ (104/187) and 45.9％ (89/194),respectively.Among the seven provinces/municipalities,Shanghai did better than the others on most of the indexes.27 out of 28 schools in Shanghai implemented complete smoke-free policy,which was the best among the seven,while only 3 out of 26 in Jiangxi,as the poorest (x2 =47.63,P ＜ 0.01).Meanwhile,all of the 24 schools in Shanghai had health education classes on tobacco control,followed by Zhejiang (23 out of 29),while Jiangxi was also the poorest,only 12 out of 26 (x2 =17.95,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The implementation of WHO FCTC by the five types of organizations in the seven provinces/municipalities has improved to various degrees.Nevertheless,further actions should be taken to promote smoke-free environment especially in certain circumstances such as public transport facilities,to strengthen training programs of tobacco control for social media,and to enhance hospitals' abilities in providing tobacco cessation services.
