中华预防医学杂志
中華預防醫學雜誌
중화예방의학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF
2014年
10期
867-871
,共5页
李群英%钟朝晖%潘建平%钟引%钟韵%孙浩令
李群英%鐘朝暉%潘建平%鐘引%鐘韻%孫浩令
리군영%종조휘%반건평%종인%종운%손호령
学生%横断面研究%儿童忽视%农村
學生%橫斷麵研究%兒童忽視%農村
학생%횡단면연구%인동홀시%농촌
Students%Cross-sectional studies%Child neglect%Rural areas
目的 调查中国西部地区两省份6～17岁农村中小学生忽视状况.方法 按照多阶段分层整群随机抽样原则,于2012年9月至2013年4月从陕西省和重庆市抽取7个区(县)26所农村中小学校的4 131名中小学生,采用“中国农村中、小学生忽视评价常模研制及被忽视因素研究”中制定的量表和评价方法进行调查,并分析不同性别、年龄、忽视层面(身体、情感、医疗、教育、安全、社会)的忽视率与忽视度.结果 调查对象总忽视率和总忽视度分别为55.50％(1 943/3 501)和49.96±9.67.男、女生总忽视率分别为56.78％(1 018/1 793)与54.16％ (925/1 708) (P =0.119),总忽视度分别为50.08 ±9.31与49.83±10.02(P =0.479).医疗忽视层面忽视率女生[18.25％(348/1 907)]高于男生[14.72％ (294/1 997)](P＜0.01);身体忽视、教育忽视与社会忽视层面忽视度男生(50.05±10.46、49.99±10.81、57.63±14.63)高于女生(49.34±10.70、49.07±11.30、56.37±14.80)(P值均＜0.05).6～8、9～11、12 ～ 14、15 ～ 17岁组学生总忽视率分别为44.48％(310/697)、60.40％(511/846)、60.89％(601/987)和53.66％ (521/971) (P＜0.01),总忽视度分别为46.89±8.57、51.88±9.25、51.88 ±9.25和51.72±8.89(P ＜0.01).除医疗忽视层面与社会忽视层面忽视率外,不同年龄组间其余层面的忽视情况差异均有统计学意义,9～11岁组学生在身体忽视、情感忽视与安全忽视层面忽视率均为最高[28.39％ (264/930)、26.41％ (239/905)、20.35％(187/919)],12～ 14岁组学生在教育忽视层面忽视率最高[29.41％ (317/1 078)];12～ 14、15～17岁组在身体忽视、情感忽视层面忽视度最高(12～ 14岁组:51.59±10.02、53.43±12.02;15～17岁组:51.96 ±9.80、52.61±11.59),6～8、9～11、12 ～14、15 ～ 17岁组分别在社会忽视、安全忽视、教育忽视与医疗忽视层面具有最高忽视度(依次为60.91±13.13、48.29±11.34、52.43±10.55、51.15±17.25).少数民族学生总忽视率为68.88％(374/543),总忽视度为52.91±9.14,均高于汉族学生[53.04％(1 569/2 958)、49.44±9.67](P值均＜0.01).非独生子女总忽视率为58.20％(1 504/2 584),总忽视度为50.58±9.54,均高于独生子女[47.87％ (439/917)、8.27±9.80](P值均＜0.01).留守儿童总忽视率为61.65％(1 101/1 786),总忽视度为51.41 ±9.51,高于非留守儿童[49.10％(842/1 715)、总忽视度48.56±9.61](P值均＜0.01).结论 西部地区农村中小学生受忽视状况严重,需要家庭、学校与社会的共同关注.
目的 調查中國西部地區兩省份6～17歲農村中小學生忽視狀況.方法 按照多階段分層整群隨機抽樣原則,于2012年9月至2013年4月從陝西省和重慶市抽取7箇區(縣)26所農村中小學校的4 131名中小學生,採用“中國農村中、小學生忽視評價常模研製及被忽視因素研究”中製定的量錶和評價方法進行調查,併分析不同性彆、年齡、忽視層麵(身體、情感、醫療、教育、安全、社會)的忽視率與忽視度.結果 調查對象總忽視率和總忽視度分彆為55.50％(1 943/3 501)和49.96±9.67.男、女生總忽視率分彆為56.78％(1 018/1 793)與54.16％ (925/1 708) (P =0.119),總忽視度分彆為50.08 ±9.31與49.83±10.02(P =0.479).醫療忽視層麵忽視率女生[18.25％(348/1 907)]高于男生[14.72％ (294/1 997)](P＜0.01);身體忽視、教育忽視與社會忽視層麵忽視度男生(50.05±10.46、49.99±10.81、57.63±14.63)高于女生(49.34±10.70、49.07±11.30、56.37±14.80)(P值均＜0.05).6～8、9～11、12 ～ 14、15 ～ 17歲組學生總忽視率分彆為44.48％(310/697)、60.40％(511/846)、60.89％(601/987)和53.66％ (521/971) (P＜0.01),總忽視度分彆為46.89±8.57、51.88±9.25、51.88 ±9.25和51.72±8.89(P ＜0.01).除醫療忽視層麵與社會忽視層麵忽視率外,不同年齡組間其餘層麵的忽視情況差異均有統計學意義,9～11歲組學生在身體忽視、情感忽視與安全忽視層麵忽視率均為最高[28.39％ (264/930)、26.41％ (239/905)、20.35％(187/919)],12～ 14歲組學生在教育忽視層麵忽視率最高[29.41％ (317/1 078)];12～ 14、15～17歲組在身體忽視、情感忽視層麵忽視度最高(12～ 14歲組:51.59±10.02、53.43±12.02;15～17歲組:51.96 ±9.80、52.61±11.59),6～8、9～11、12 ～14、15 ～ 17歲組分彆在社會忽視、安全忽視、教育忽視與醫療忽視層麵具有最高忽視度(依次為60.91±13.13、48.29±11.34、52.43±10.55、51.15±17.25).少數民族學生總忽視率為68.88％(374/543),總忽視度為52.91±9.14,均高于漢族學生[53.04％(1 569/2 958)、49.44±9.67](P值均＜0.01).非獨生子女總忽視率為58.20％(1 504/2 584),總忽視度為50.58±9.54,均高于獨生子女[47.87％ (439/917)、8.27±9.80](P值均＜0.01).留守兒童總忽視率為61.65％(1 101/1 786),總忽視度為51.41 ±9.51,高于非留守兒童[49.10％(842/1 715)、總忽視度48.56±9.61](P值均＜0.01).結論 西部地區農村中小學生受忽視狀況嚴重,需要傢庭、學校與社會的共同關註.
목적 조사중국서부지구량성빈6～17세농촌중소학생홀시상황.방법 안조다계단분층정군수궤추양원칙,우2012년9월지2013년4월종합서성화중경시추취7개구(현)26소농촌중소학교적4 131명중소학생,채용“중국농촌중、소학생홀시평개상모연제급피홀시인소연구”중제정적량표화평개방법진행조사,병분석불동성별、년령、홀시층면(신체、정감、의료、교육、안전、사회)적홀시솔여홀시도.결과 조사대상총홀시솔화총홀시도분별위55.50％(1 943/3 501)화49.96±9.67.남、녀생총홀시솔분별위56.78％(1 018/1 793)여54.16％ (925/1 708) (P =0.119),총홀시도분별위50.08 ±9.31여49.83±10.02(P =0.479).의료홀시층면홀시솔녀생[18.25％(348/1 907)]고우남생[14.72％ (294/1 997)](P＜0.01);신체홀시、교육홀시여사회홀시층면홀시도남생(50.05±10.46、49.99±10.81、57.63±14.63)고우녀생(49.34±10.70、49.07±11.30、56.37±14.80)(P치균＜0.05).6～8、9～11、12 ～ 14、15 ～ 17세조학생총홀시솔분별위44.48％(310/697)、60.40％(511/846)、60.89％(601/987)화53.66％ (521/971) (P＜0.01),총홀시도분별위46.89±8.57、51.88±9.25、51.88 ±9.25화51.72±8.89(P ＜0.01).제의료홀시층면여사회홀시층면홀시솔외,불동년령조간기여층면적홀시정황차이균유통계학의의,9～11세조학생재신체홀시、정감홀시여안전홀시층면홀시솔균위최고[28.39％ (264/930)、26.41％ (239/905)、20.35％(187/919)],12～ 14세조학생재교육홀시층면홀시솔최고[29.41％ (317/1 078)];12～ 14、15～17세조재신체홀시、정감홀시층면홀시도최고(12～ 14세조:51.59±10.02、53.43±12.02;15～17세조:51.96 ±9.80、52.61±11.59),6～8、9～11、12 ～14、15 ～ 17세조분별재사회홀시、안전홀시、교육홀시여의료홀시층면구유최고홀시도(의차위60.91±13.13、48.29±11.34、52.43±10.55、51.15±17.25).소수민족학생총홀시솔위68.88％(374/543),총홀시도위52.91±9.14,균고우한족학생[53.04％(1 569/2 958)、49.44±9.67](P치균＜0.01).비독생자녀총홀시솔위58.20％(1 504/2 584),총홀시도위50.58±9.54,균고우독생자녀[47.87％ (439/917)、8.27±9.80](P치균＜0.01).류수인동총홀시솔위61.65％(1 101/1 786),총홀시도위51.41 ±9.51,고우비류수인동[49.10％(842/1 715)、총홀시도48.56±9.61](P치균＜0.01).결론 서부지구농촌중소학생수홀시상황엄중,수요가정、학교여사회적공동관주.
Objective To understand the neglect situation of elementary and high school students aged 6-17 years in western rural areas of China.Methods Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method,4 131 students were recruited from 26 rural elementary and high schools of 7 districts in Shanxi province and Chongqing from September 2012 to April 2013.The investigation was conducted based on ‘The Development of Neglect Evaluation Norms and Influence Factors for Primary and Middle School Students' in rural areas of China.SAS 9.21 software was used for analyzing neglect rate and neglect degree for groups of age,sex and neglect types (including neglect of physical,emotional,medical,educational,safety and social).Results The total neglect rate and degree were 55.50％ (1 943/3 501) and 49.96 ± 9.67 ; the neglect rates for males and females were 56.78％ (1 018/1 793) and 54.16％ (925/1 708) (P =0.119) ; the neglect degrees were 50.08 ±9.31 and 49.83 ± 10.02(P =0.479),respectively.The girls' medical neglect rate (18.25％,348/1 907) was significantly higher than that in boys(14.72％,294/1 997) (P ＜ 0.01); the boys' neglect degrees of physical,educational and social neglect(50.05 ± 10.46,49.99 ± 10.81,57.63 ± 14.63) were significantly higher than that in girls (49.34 ± 10.70,49.07 ± 11.30,56.37 ± 14.80) (P ＜ 0.05).The total neglect rates of 6-8,9-11,12-14 and 15-17 groups were 44.48％ (310/697),60.40％ (511/846),60.89％ (601/987) and 53.66％ (521/971) (P ＜0.01),and the total neglect degrees among these groups were 46.89 ± 8.57,51.88 ± 9.25,51.88 ± 9.25 and 51.72 ± 8.89 (P ＜0.01),respectively.Except the neglect rates of medical and social neglect,significant differences were found in other three neglect rates and neglect degrees.The rates of social,emotional and safety neglect in 9-11 group were higher than that in other groups (28.39％ (264/930),26.41％ (239/905),20.35 ％ (187/919)).The 12-14 group has the highest educational neglect rate(29.41％,317/1 078).While the physical and emotional neglect degrees in 12-14 and 15-17 group were higher than that in other groups (12-14 group:51.59 ± 10.02,53.43 ± 12.02,15-17 group:51.96 ±9.80,52.61 ± 11.59).The social,safety,educational and medical neglect degrees were the highest in 6-8,9-11,12-14 and 15-17 group (60.91 ± 13.13,48.29 ± 11.34,52.43 ± 10.55,51.15 ± 17.25),respectively.The neglect rates and neglect degrees were significantly higher in minorities(68.88％ (374/543) and 52.91 ± 9.14) than those in Han population(53.04％ (1 569/2 958),49.44 ± 9.67) (P ＜ 0.01 in both indexes) ; and the neglect rates and neglect degrees were significantly higher in children with siblings group (58.20％ (1 504/2 584),50.58 ± 9.54) than those the in one-child group (47.87％ (439/917),48.27 ± 9.80) (P ＜ 0.01 in both indexes) ; and the neglect rates and neglect degrees were significantly higher in left-hand students(61.65％ (1 101/1 786),51.41 ±9.51) than those in living-with-parents students(49.10％ (842/1 715),48.56 ± 9.61)(P ＜ 0.01 in both indexes).Conclusion The children neglect situation is serious in western rural areas,close attention from families,schools and the society is in urgent need.
