目的 调查北京市9个城区超市及农贸市场零售环节整鸡样品中弯曲菌含量及抗生素耐药性情况.方法 于2012年8月至2013年7月,选取北京市9个城区的27个超市和18个农贸市场进行调查,共采集零售整鸡样品240份.用改良Karmali、Preston培养基对样品中弯曲菌数量进行测定,采用革兰染色、乳胶凝集和多重PCR方法分别对样品中的弯曲机进行纯化、分离和类型鉴定,并采用美国农业部弯曲菌定量计数方法,计算样品中弯曲菌含量.采用琼脂稀释法,测定弯曲菌对8种抗生素的最低抑菌浓度(MIC).结果 弯曲菌检出率为26.3％(63/240),共计检出弯曲菌151株,其中空肠弯曲菌85株,结肠弯曲菌66株.弯曲菌含量的P25、P50、P75分别为7.5、45.0、350.0 CFU/g.空肠弯曲菌、结肠弯曲菌对抗生素耐药率为:阿奇霉素[AZI,13％(11/85)、82％(54/85)],氯霉素[CHL,33％(28/85)、42％(28/85)],环丙沙星[CIP,95％(81/85)、100％(85/85)],多西环素[DOX,38％ (32/85)、80％(53/85)],红霉素[ERY,12％ (10/85)、82％(54/85)],庆大霉素[GEN,25％(21/85)、68％(45/85)],四环素[TET,67％(57/85)、73％ (62/85)],所有菌株均对美罗培南(MEP)敏感.空肠弯曲菌多重耐药率为55％ (47/85),结肠弯曲菌为86％(57/66)(x2=16.70,P＜0.01).在151株弯曲菌中,共发现21个抗生素耐药谱,其中空肠弯曲菌耐药谱为20个,结肠弯曲菌耐药谱为10个.空肠弯曲菌中,耐药谱CIP-DOX-TET型比例最高,为22％(19/85),CIP-TET、CHL-CIP-TET和CHL-CIP-GEN型分别为14％(12/85)、9％(8/85)和7％(6/85).结肠弯曲菌中,耐药谱AZI-CHL-CIP-DOX-ERY-GEN-TET型比例最高,为35％ (23/66),AZI-CIP-DOX-ERY-GEN-TET和AZI-CIP-DOX-ERY-TET型分别为21％(14/66)和15％(10/66).结论 北京市9个城区零售整鸡样品弯曲菌检出率和含量较高,尤其以农贸市场现宰杀整鸡样品中弯曲菌含量较多,零售整鸡样品中检出的弯曲菌耐药形势严峻.
目的 調查北京市9箇城區超市及農貿市場零售環節整鷄樣品中彎麯菌含量及抗生素耐藥性情況.方法 于2012年8月至2013年7月,選取北京市9箇城區的27箇超市和18箇農貿市場進行調查,共採集零售整鷄樣品240份.用改良Karmali、Preston培養基對樣品中彎麯菌數量進行測定,採用革蘭染色、乳膠凝集和多重PCR方法分彆對樣品中的彎麯機進行純化、分離和類型鑒定,併採用美國農業部彎麯菌定量計數方法,計算樣品中彎麯菌含量.採用瓊脂稀釋法,測定彎麯菌對8種抗生素的最低抑菌濃度(MIC).結果 彎麯菌檢齣率為26.3％(63/240),共計檢齣彎麯菌151株,其中空腸彎麯菌85株,結腸彎麯菌66株.彎麯菌含量的P25、P50、P75分彆為7.5、45.0、350.0 CFU/g.空腸彎麯菌、結腸彎麯菌對抗生素耐藥率為:阿奇黴素[AZI,13％(11/85)、82％(54/85)],氯黴素[CHL,33％(28/85)、42％(28/85)],環丙沙星[CIP,95％(81/85)、100％(85/85)],多西環素[DOX,38％ (32/85)、80％(53/85)],紅黴素[ERY,12％ (10/85)、82％(54/85)],慶大黴素[GEN,25％(21/85)、68％(45/85)],四環素[TET,67％(57/85)、73％ (62/85)],所有菌株均對美囉培南(MEP)敏感.空腸彎麯菌多重耐藥率為55％ (47/85),結腸彎麯菌為86％(57/66)(x2=16.70,P＜0.01).在151株彎麯菌中,共髮現21箇抗生素耐藥譜,其中空腸彎麯菌耐藥譜為20箇,結腸彎麯菌耐藥譜為10箇.空腸彎麯菌中,耐藥譜CIP-DOX-TET型比例最高,為22％(19/85),CIP-TET、CHL-CIP-TET和CHL-CIP-GEN型分彆為14％(12/85)、9％(8/85)和7％(6/85).結腸彎麯菌中,耐藥譜AZI-CHL-CIP-DOX-ERY-GEN-TET型比例最高,為35％ (23/66),AZI-CIP-DOX-ERY-GEN-TET和AZI-CIP-DOX-ERY-TET型分彆為21％(14/66)和15％(10/66).結論 北京市9箇城區零售整鷄樣品彎麯菌檢齣率和含量較高,尤其以農貿市場現宰殺整鷄樣品中彎麯菌含量較多,零售整鷄樣品中檢齣的彎麯菌耐藥形勢嚴峻.
목적 조사북경시9개성구초시급농무시장령수배절정계양품중만곡균함량급항생소내약성정황.방법 우2012년8월지2013년7월,선취북경시9개성구적27개초시화18개농무시장진행조사,공채집령수정계양품240빈.용개량Karmali、Preston배양기대양품중만곡균수량진행측정,채용혁란염색、유효응집화다중PCR방법분별대양품중적만곡궤진행순화、분리화류형감정,병채용미국농업부만곡균정량계수방법,계산양품중만곡균함량.채용경지희석법,측정만곡균대8충항생소적최저억균농도(MIC).결과 만곡균검출솔위26.3％(63/240),공계검출만곡균151주,기중공장만곡균85주,결장만곡균66주.만곡균함량적P25、P50、P75분별위7.5、45.0、350.0 CFU/g.공장만곡균、결장만곡균대항생소내약솔위:아기매소[AZI,13％(11/85)、82％(54/85)],록매소[CHL,33％(28/85)、42％(28/85)],배병사성[CIP,95％(81/85)、100％(85/85)],다서배소[DOX,38％ (32/85)、80％(53/85)],홍매소[ERY,12％ (10/85)、82％(54/85)],경대매소[GEN,25％(21/85)、68％(45/85)],사배소[TET,67％(57/85)、73％ (62/85)],소유균주균대미라배남(MEP)민감.공장만곡균다중내약솔위55％ (47/85),결장만곡균위86％(57/66)(x2=16.70,P＜0.01).재151주만곡균중,공발현21개항생소내약보,기중공장만곡균내약보위20개,결장만곡균내약보위10개.공장만곡균중,내약보CIP-DOX-TET형비례최고,위22％(19/85),CIP-TET、CHL-CIP-TET화CHL-CIP-GEN형분별위14％(12/85)、9％(8/85)화7％(6/85).결장만곡균중,내약보AZI-CHL-CIP-DOX-ERY-GEN-TET형비례최고,위35％ (23/66),AZI-CIP-DOX-ERY-GEN-TET화AZI-CIP-DOX-ERY-TET형분별위21％(14/66)화15％(10/66).결론 북경시9개성구령수정계양품만곡균검출솔화함량교고,우기이농무시장현재살정계양품중만곡균함량교다,령수정계양품중검출적만곡균내약형세엄준.
Objective To determine Campylobacter contamination level and antimicrobial resistance patterns from chicken carcasses in supermarkets and farmer's markets of 9 districts in Beijing.Methods From August 2012 to July 2013,whole chicken carcasses (n =240) were collected from 27 supermarkets and 18 farmer's markets of nine districts in Beijing.The level of Campylobacter contamination was enumerated by plate counting method using the modified Karmali and modified Preston agar.Presumptive Campylobacter isolates were identified and characterized by gram stain,agglumination test and a multiplex PCR method.The level of Campylobacter contamination was calculated following the USDA/FSIS Campylobacter enumeration method.Selected 151 Campylobacter isolates were further characterized by minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of eight antimicrobials.Results A total of 26.3％ (63/240) of the retail whole chicken carcasses were contaminated by Campylobacter and 151 Campylobacter isolates were recovered,including 85 Campylobacter jejuni isolates and 66 Campylobacter coli isolates.The P25,P5o,P75 of Campylobacter contamination concentration were 7.5,45.0 and 350.0 CFU/g,respectively.The antimicrobial resistance rate of C.jejuni and C.coli were as the following:azithromycin (AZI,13％ (11/85),82％ (54/85)),chloramphenicol (CHL,33％ (28/85),42％ (28/85)),ciprofloxacin (CIP,95％ (81/85),100％ (85/85)),doxycycline(DOX,38％ (32/85),80％ (53/85)),erythromycin (ERY,12％ (10/85),82％ (54/85)),gentamicin (GEN,25％ (21/85),68％ (45/85)),tetracycline (TET,67％ (57/85),73％ (62/85)),all isolates were susceptible to meropenem (MEP).The multi-drug resistance ratio of C.jejuni (55 ％ (47/85)) was significantly lower than that (86％ (57/66)) of C.coli (x2 =16.70,P ＜ 0.01).Among 151 Campylobacter isolates,21 antimicrobial resistance patterns were identified,including 20 patterns among C.jejuni isolates and 10 patterns among C.coli isolates.Among C.jejuni isolates,CIP-DOX-TET was dominant (22％ (19/85)),followed by CIP-TET (14％ (12/85)),CHL-CIP-TET (9％ (8/85)) and CHL-CIP-GEN (7％ (6/85)).Among C.coli isolates,AZI-CHL-CIP-DOX-ERY-GEN-TET (35％ (23/66)) was the dominant,followed by AZI-CIP-DOX-ERY-GEN-TET (21％ (14/66)) and AZI-CIP-DOX-ERY-TET (15％ (10/66)).Conclusion Our findings showed a high prevalence and concentration of Campylobacter contamination in retail chicken carcasses of nine districts in Beijing,especially the on-site slaughtered chicken from the farmer's markets.The resistance levels of these recovered Campylobacter isolates were serious.
