CAJ | 학술논문

目的了解学龄前儿童视觉发育状况及斜弱视患病率.方法对4610名城乡3～6岁学龄前儿童进行随机抽样调查,项目包括视力、屈光状态、眼位、斜视弱视等.用x2检验城乡及不同年龄视力分布差异.结果 3岁、4岁、5岁和6岁组儿童视力1.0以上检出率分别为28.4％、39.3％、46.2％、76.5％,各年龄组视力主要分布3岁(0.63±0.19)、4岁(0 69±0.16)、5岁(0.71±0.22)、6岁(0.79±0.29),乡镇较城市儿童视力好.屈光状态以远视为主；显性斜视检出率为2.21％,外斜视多见于内斜视；隐性斜视检出率为33.52％,主要是外隐斜；弱视患病率以现行诊断标准为6岁组2.93％,5岁组4.81％,4岁组16.21％,3岁组33.33％.结论学龄前儿童视力随年龄增长而上升；国内弱视诊断中视力标准偏高,应尽快制定各年龄组弱视诊断视力标准.屈光不正、斜视和弱视是影响学龄前儿童正常视功能的主要因素,依然是儿童时期防盲治盲的重点.
목적 료해학령전인동시각발육상황급사약시환병솔.방법 대4610명성향3～6세학령전인동진행수궤추양조사,항목포괄시력、굴광상태、안위、사시약시등.용x2검험성향급불동년령시력분포차이.결과 3세、4세、5세화6세조인동시력1.0이상검출솔분별위28.4％、39.3％、46.2％、76.5％,각년령조시력주요분포3세(0.63±0.19)、4세(0 69±0.16)、5세(0.71±0.22)、6세(0.79±0.29),향진교성시인동시력호.굴광상태이원시위주；현성사시검출솔위2.21％,외사시다견우내사시；은성사시검출솔위33.52％,주요시외은사；약시환병솔이현행진단표준위6세조2.93％,5세조4.81％,4세조16.21％,3세조33.33％.결론 학령전인동시력수년령증장이상승；국내약시진단중시력표준편고,응진쾌제정각년령조약시진단시력표준.굴광불정、사시화약시시영향학령전인동정상시공능적주요인소,의연시인동시기방맹치맹적중점.
Objective To evaluate the visual development and prevalence of amblyopia,strabismus among preschool children.Methods A random sample survey was performed in 4 610 preschool children from both urban and rural,aged 3 to 6 years. Participants underwent eye examination including visual acuity,refractive status,eye position,strabismus and amblyopia. Results Percentage of visual acuity above 1.0 was 28.4％,39.3％,46.2％ and 76.5％ in children of 3,4,5 and 6-year-old group,respectively.The mean visual acuity of each group was 0.63 ±0.19 in 3-years old,0.69 ±0.16 in 4-yearold,0.71 ±0.22 in 5-year-old,0.79 ± 0.29 in 6-year-old. Rural children have better vision acuity compared with those from uthan.Hypermetropic was frequent eftactive errors.Manifeststrabismus was found in 2.21％,with exotropia being more prevalence than esotropia; detection rate of recessive strabismus was 33.52％,mainly being exophoria; Based on current diagnostic criteria,the prevalence of amblyopia were 2.93％ in 6 year-old group,4.81％ in 5-year-old group,16.21％ in 4-year-old group,33.33％ in 3-yearold group.Conclusion Vision acutiy is increasing with age in preschool population.A diagnosis standard of amblyopia suitable for each age group should be established to substitute the current one which has a high visual standard for amblyopia.Refractive error,strabismus and amblyopia are the leading causes of visual impairment among preschool-aged children,which represent the focus of prevention of blindness in preschool children.