CAJ | 학술논문

目的探讨五年制高职护生职业防护教育的效果.方法设已接受过职业防护教育的147名学生为研究组,同时选择在相同医院同时实习的未开设职业防护课程的其他学校的大专以上护生75名为对照组.进行“实习护生职业防护现状问卷”调查,统计分析实习期间的职业暴露情况和在职业暴露中的防护情况.结果在反映物理损伤因素的项目上,研究组污染针头的损伤发生率17.01％,低于对照组的34.67％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其他锐器损伤发生率,两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；在反映化学损伤因素的项目上,皮肤接触化疗药物和化学消毒剂研究组的发生率分别为31.97％,25.85％,与对照组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；在反映心理压力的项目上,与老师有过3次以上矛盾,被患者挑剔、指责、拒绝过3次以上,一天工作下来经常觉得身体疲惫的发生率,研究组分别为23.13％,53.74％,55.78％,对照组分别为22.67％,53.33％,53.33％,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；在反映职业暴露防护措施的项目上,用过针头回套针帽的发生率,有心理压力会寻求帮助的比率,发生较严重暴露后及时上报率,研究组分别为7.48％,45.58％和14.29％,高于对照组的18.67％,29.33％,9.33％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在操作前了解患者有无血源传播性疾病、加化疗药物戴手套、面对患者的抱怨能主动化解、面对老师的批评能接受等项目上,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论经过系统的职业防护教育,护生在职业暴露中避免损伤,尤其是避免严重损伤的能力提高；但在一些不立即显现的损害因素面前,自我保护能力不强.同时,职业防护教育的效果还与学生沟通能力等基本素质有关.
목적 탐토오년제고직호생직업방호교육적효과.방법 설이접수과직업방호교육적147명학생위연구조,동시선택재상동의원동시실습적미개설직업방호과정적기타학교적대전이상호생75명위대조조.진행“실습호생직업방호현상문권”조사,통계분석실습기간적직업폭로정황화재직업폭로중적방호정황.결과 재반영물리손상인소적항목상,연구조오염침두적손상발생솔17.01％,저우대조조적34.67％,차이유통계학의의(P＜0.05),기타예기손상발생솔,량조차이무통계학의의(P＞0.05)；재반영화학손상인소적항목상,피부접촉화료약물화화학소독제연구조적발생솔분별위31.97％,25.85％,여대조조차이무통계학의의(P＞0.05)；재반영심리압력적항목상,여로사유과3차이상모순,피환자도척、지책、거절과3차이상,일천공작하래경상각득신체피비적발생솔,연구조분별위23.13％,53.74％,55.78％,대조조분별위22.67％,53.33％,53.33％,량조비교차이무통계학의의(P＞0.05)；재반영직업폭로방호조시적항목상,용과침두회투침모적발생솔,유심리압력회심구방조적비솔,발생교엄중폭로후급시상보솔,연구조분별위7.48％,45.58％화14.29％,고우대조조적18.67％,29.33％,9.33％,차이유통계학의의(P＜0.05),재조작전료해환자유무혈원전파성질병、가화료약물대수투、면대환자적포원능주동화해、면대로사적비평능접수등항목상,량조비교차이무통계학의의(P＞0.05).결론 경과계통적직업방호교육,호생재직업폭로중피면손상,우기시피면엄중손상적능력제고；단재일사불립즉현현적손해인소면전,자아보호능력불강.동시,직업방호교육적효과환여학생구통능력등기본소질유관.
Objective To analyze the effect of occupation protection education for five years vocational nursing students.Methods The research group,which received the education of occupation protection,had 147 students and control group,that no received the education,had 75 students.Cross-sectional survey was conducted to each nursing student with self-designed questionnaire.Results In the physical injury factors,the incidence of contaminated needle stick injury of research group was 17.01％ which was significantly less than 34.67％ of control group (P ＜ 0.05),while no significant difference was found in others sharp instrument injury (P ＞ 0.05).In the chemical damage factors,the incidence of skin contact chemotherapy drugs andchemical disinfectant of research group respectively were 31.97％ and 25.85％,no significant difference wasfound between the research group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).While in the psychological pressure,occurring rate of three times or more contradictions with teachers',criticized by patients and often feeling tired after work respectively were 23.13％,53.74％ and 55.78％,and no significant difference between the research group and control group was found (P ＞ 0.05).In occupational protection measures,needle cap back cover rate,seeking psychological decompression rate,reporting rate after exposure of research group respectively was higher than that of control group,with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference was found in other items such as needing to see whether patients with blood source disseminated disease,plus chemotherapy drugs wearing gloves,optimism in the face of contradiction with teachers and patients,and so on,between the research group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions After the occupation protection education,the ability of nursing students to avoid injury,especially severe injury has increased,but the ability to avoid chronic,no significant damage factors is lack.Strengthening the relationship between theory and practice,and enhancing students' practical work in the protection are the endeavor direction for the future.