CAJ | 학술논문

目的通过社区综合干预,提高老年人急救互救技能及生活质量,为建立社区老年人急救知识和技能标准化教育体系及效果评价的研究提供理论依据.方法采取方便抽样法,选取杭州市余杭区4个社区的184名老年人,采用急救知识问卷和社区老年人自我效能量表对其急救知识掌握程度及自我效能水平进行调查.所有社区老年人接受为期6个月的社区综合干预,对干预前及干预后3,6个月老年人急救知识与自我效能水平进行比较,并通过急救技能培训追踪随访调查问卷随访干预6个月内经历过急救情况以及实施效果等.结果共发放问卷184份,收回有效问卷184份,有效回收率为100％.随访过程失访4名,最终获得有效问卷180份.干预前,180名社区老年人中以前未接受过急救知识和技能培训者占77.8％.不能进行心肺复苏术者占87.2％.干预6个月后,社区老年人急救相关知识得分从干预前(48.06 ±16.17)分提高至(82.50±15.28)分,自我效能总得分从(24.07±6.62)分提高至(30.86±5.21)分,干预前后比较差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为303.475,264.404；P＜0.05).不同性别、年龄、文化程度、居住方式、既往职业和慢性病史的老年人急救知识和自我效能各维度得分均随着干预时间的延长而增加.结论社区老年人急救知识掌握程度不容乐观；社区综合干预可巩固老年人培训后的急救知识,提高老年人的自我效能水平.
목적 통과사구종합간예,제고노년인급구호구기능급생활질량,위건립사구노년인급구지식화기능표준화교육체계급효과평개적연구제공이론의거.방법 채취방편추양법,선취항주시여항구4개사구적184명노년인,채용급구지식문권화사구노년인자아효능량표대기급구지식장악정도급자아효능수평진행조사.소유사구노년인접수위기6개월적사구종합간예,대간예전급간예후3,6개월노년인급구지식여자아효능수평진행비교,병통과급구기능배훈추종수방조사문권수방간예6개월내경력과급구정황이급실시효과등.결과 공발방문권184빈,수회유효문권184빈,유효회수솔위100％.수방과정실방4명,최종획득유효문권180빈.간예전,180명사구노년인중이전미접수과급구지식화기능배훈자점77.8％.불능진행심폐복소술자점87.2％.간예6개월후,사구노년인급구상관지식득분종간예전(48.06 ±16.17)분제고지(82.50±15.28)분,자아효능총득분종(24.07±6.62)분제고지(30.86±5.21)분,간예전후비교차이균유통계학의의(F치분별위303.475,264.404；P＜0.05).불동성별、년령、문화정도、거주방식、기왕직업화만성병사적노년인급구지식화자아효능각유도득분균수착간예시간적연장이증가.결론 사구노년인급구지식장악정도불용악관；사구종합간예가공고노년인배훈후적급구지식,제고노년인적자아효능수평.
Objective To improve first aid and mutual aid skills and quality of life in the elderly through the comprehensive community interventions and provide the theoretical basis for the establishment of the standardized education system and effectiveness evaluation study of first aid knowledge and skills in the elderly in community.Methods On the principle of convenience sampling,180 elderly people from 4 communities of Yuhang District in Hangzhou were selected,and all of them were investigated with the first aid knowledge questionnaire and self-efficacy scale for the elderly in community on the levels of first aid knowledge and selfefficacy.All participants received six-month community-based comprehensive interventions,and the levels of first aid knowledge and self-efficacy were compared between before the intervention,and 3 and 6 months after the intervention.In addition,the emergency situation and implementation effects of community-based comprehensive interventions within six-month interventions were investigated with the first-aid skills training followed up questionnaire.Results A total of 184 questionnaires were distributed and 184 valid questionnaires were returned,resulting in a response rate of 100％,and four elderly people were lost to follow up,180 valid questionnaires were finally obtained.Before the intervention,there were 77.8％ in 180 elderly people in the community who had not previously received training in first aid knowledge and skills,and 87.2％ elderly people who could not perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Six months after the intervention,the score of first aid knowledge of the elderly in community increased from (48.06 ± 16.17) to (82.50 ± 15.28),the score of self-efficacy increased from (24.07 ± 6.62) to (30.86 ± 5.21),and there were significant differences between before and after the intervention (F =303.475,264.404,respectively; P ＜ 0.05).The scores of first aid knowledge and self-efficacy in each dimension in the elderly,who had different gender,age,educational level,living style,previous history of occupation and chronic diseases,increased when the intervention time was prolonged.Conclusions The first aid baseline survey finds that the level of first aid knowledge in community elderly is still far from satisfactory.The application of community-based comprehensive interventions can strengthen the first aid knowledge and improve the level of self-efficacy in the elderly.