CAJ | 학술논문

目的调查杭州地区小学生近视发生的相关因素.方法横断面研究.采用整群抽样的方法,调查杭州市朝晖区5所小学1～6年级学生近视的情况,选取右眼数据,检查数据包括球镜度、散光度、眼轴长度、角膜曲率.收集信息包括父母近视情况,课后及周末写作业时间,课后及周末户外活动时间.采用单因素方差分析.结果近视组与非近视组的性别、家族史、近距离作业及户外活动时间差异有统计学意义.女生近视患病率高于男生(63.7％ vs.67.4％).父母近视(F=10.559,P＜0.05)、周末(F=7.555,P＜0.05)及课后(F=2.492,P＜0.05)写作业时间过长为近视的危险因素,课后(F=11.351,P＜0.05)及周末(F=6.387,P＜0.05)户外活动具有保护作用.结论近视与性别、家族史、近距离工作及户外活动有关.环境与基因因素均与小学生近视密切相关,其中环境因素中近距离阅读对近视的作用具有很强的时间依赖性,户外活动中紫外线的作用值得关注.
목적 조사항주지구소학생근시발생적상관인소.방법 횡단면연구.채용정군추양적방법,조사항주시조휘구5소소학1～6년급학생근시적정황,선취우안수거,검사수거포괄구경도、산광도、안축장도、각막곡솔.수집신식포괄부모근시정황,과후급주말사작업시간,과후급주말호외활동시간.채용단인소방차분석.결과 근시조여비근시조적성별、가족사、근거리작업급호외활동시간차이유통계학의의.녀생근시환병솔고우남생(63.7％ vs.67.4％).부모근시(F=10.559,P＜0.05)、주말(F=7.555,P＜0.05)급과후(F=2.492,P＜0.05)사작업시간과장위근시적위험인소,과후(F=11.351,P＜0.05)급주말(F=6.387,P＜0.05)호외활동구유보호작용.결론 근시여성별、가족사、근거리공작급호외활동유관.배경여기인인소균여소학생근시밀절상관,기중배경인소중근거리열독대근시적작용구유흔강적시간의뢰성,호외활동중자외선적작용치득관주.
Objective To investigate the associated factors leading to myopia in primary school students in a relatively developed region in Hangzhou.Methods This was a cross-sectional study.By cluster sampling,primary students from 5 schools (grades 1-6) in Zhaohui District,Hangzhou,were recruited for this investigation.The right eye was examined and data were collected on spherical refraction,cylinder refraction,axial length and corneal curvature.Information was also obtained on family history,time spent on near reading after school and on weekends,and time spent on outdoor activities both after school and on weekends.A one-way ANOVA was used for analysis.Results There were significant differences in gender,family history,time spent on near reading and outdoor activity between myopic and non-myopic groups.Females were more likely to be myopic than males (63.7％ vs.67.4％).The students with myopic parents (F=10.559,P＜0.05) or those who spent more time on near reading on weekends (F=7.555,P＜0.05) and after school (F=2.492,P＜0.05) were more likely to be myopic.On the other hand,outdoor activities both after school (F=11.351,P＜0.05) and during weekends (F=6.387,P＜0.05) reduced the prevalence of myopia.Conclusion Myopia in primary school students is associated with gender,family history,near reading and outdoor activity.So both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of myopia.The effect of environmental factors,especially near reading,is time-dependent,and ultraviolet exposure during outdoor activity plays a significant role.